Observational studySleep2016
A Four-Year Longitudinal Study on Restless Legs Syndrome in Parkinson Disease.
Observational study in Sleep, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- [Frequent neurological diseases associated with the restless legs syndrome].Der Nervenarzt · 2018Pooled it
- Association between restless legs syndrome and hypertension: a meta-analysis of nine population-based studies.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2018Pooled it
- Changes in sleep characteristics in Parkinson's disease: a prospective 5-year follow-up study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- Restless Legs Syndrome and Neurological Comorbidities: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Update on sleep disorders in advanced Parkinson's disease: a narrative review.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease: epidemiology, pathogenetic overlaps, and clinical management.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Concomitant Pathologies and Their Impact on Parkinson Disease: A Narrative Overview of Current Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Clinical features, plasma neurotransmitter levels and plasma neurohormone levels among patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease with sleep disorders.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Circadian Rhythm Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Bidirectional Perspective and Therapeutic Potential.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Review
- Sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease, an early and multiple problem.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Circadian rhythm disruption: a potential trigger in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Restless Legs Syndrome in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Neuroprotective Effect of Melatonin on Sleep Disorders Associated with Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Neuroanatomy and Functional Connectivity in Patients with Parkinson's Disease with or without Restless Legs Syndrome.Neurology and therapy · 2022Article
- Longitudinal Studies of Sleep Disturbances in Parkinson's Disease.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2022Review
- Management of Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with Parkinson's Diseases.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2022Article
- Sleep and circadian rhythms in Parkinson's disease and preclinical models.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2022Review
- Restless Legs Symptoms and Periodic Leg Movements in Sleep Among Patients with Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Article
- Dopamine Transporter Imaging, Current Status of a Potential Biomarker: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Characteristics of Objective Sleep and Its Related Risk Factors Among Parkinson's Disease Patients With and Without Restless Legs Syndrome.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesRestless legs syndrome (RLS) prevalence estimates range from 0% to 52% in Parkinson disease (PD), but the causal relationship between the two disorders is still debated. The present study aims to evaluate RLS prevalence in de novo PD subjects, its incidence during the first 4 years from diagnosis, and possible relationships with clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiological data.
methodsOne hundred nine newly diagnosed, drug-naïve PD subjects were evaluated at the time of PD diagnosis, and after 2- and 4-years. RLS diagnosis was performed with the RLS Diagnostic Index at each visit. Motor features, additional non-motor symptoms (NMS), and concomitant dopaminergic and nondopaminergic treatments were also gathered. Moreover, at baseline, 65 subjects were randomly selected to undergo a FP-CIT SPECT to study dopamine transporter availability.
resultsRLS prevalence rose from 4.6% at baseline evaluation to 6.5% after 2 years and to 16.3% after 4 years (P = 0.007). A multinomial logistic stepwise regression model selected NMS Questionnaire items more likely to be associated with RLS at diagnosis (insomnia, OR = 15.555; P = 0.040) and with occurrence of RLS during follow-up (dizziness, OR = 1.153; P = 0.022; and daytime sleepiness; OR = 9.557; P = 0.001), as compared to patients without RLS. Older age was more likely associated to increased RLS occurrence during follow-up in a random effect logistic regression model (OR = 1.187; P = 0.036). A multinomial logistic stepwise model found increased dopaminergic transporter availability of affected caudate and putamen to be more likely associated with RLS presence at diagnosis (n = 5; OR = 75.711; P = 0.077), and RLS occurrence during follow-up (n = 16; OR = 12.004; P = 0.059), respectively, as compared to patients without RLS (n = 88).
conclusionsRLS is present since PD diagnosis, and increases in prevalence during the course of PD. PD subjects with RLS have higher age at PD onset, more preserved dopaminergic pathways, and worse sleep and cardiovascular disturbances.
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Registered trials
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