Trial reportEye (London, England)2016
Addressing the 'forgotten art of fundoscopy': evaluation of a novel teaching ophthalmoscope.
Trial report in Eye (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Simulation models in direct ophthalmoscopy education: a systematic review.Canadian medical education journal · 2025Pooled it
- Fundoscopy use in neurology departments and the utility of smartphone photography: a prospective prevalence and crossover diagnostic accuracy study amongst neurology inpatients.European journal of neurology · 2022Trial
- Perceived usefulness and ease of use of fundoscopy by medical students: a randomised crossover trial of six technologies (eFOCUS 1).BMC medical education · 2021Trial
- Curriculum Innovations: Implementation of a Targeted Longitudinal Rotation to Enhance Direct Ophthalmoscopy Learning for Neurology Residents.Neurology. Education · 2025Article
- Flipped Classroom Based on Outcomes-Based Education Improves Student Engagement and Clinical Analysis Competence in Undergraduates Ophthalmology Clerkship.Advances in medical education and practice · 2024Article
- Article
- Medical Student Attitudes Toward the Use of Peer Physical Exam for Learning Fundoscopy.Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017) · 2022Article
- Teaching Smartphone Funduscopy with 20 Diopter Lens in Undergraduate Medical Education.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Non-simulator-based techniques in teaching direct ophthalmoscopy for medical students: a systematic review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2020Review
- Smartphone ophthalmoscopy: patient and student practitioner perceptions.Journal of medical systems · 2019Article
- Comparison of smartphone ophthalmoscopy vs conventional direct ophthalmoscopy as a teaching tool for medical students: the COSMOS study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Article
- Ophthalmoscopy simulation: advances in training and practice for medical students and young ophthalmologists.Advances in medical education and practice · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDirect ophthalmoscopy is an essential skill that students struggle to learn. A novel 'teaching ophthalmoscope' has been developed that allows a third person to observe the user's view of the fundus.
objectivesTo evaluate the potential use of this device as an aid to learning, and as a tool for objective assessment of competence.
methodsParticipants were randomised to be taught fundoscopy either with a conventional direct ophthalmoscope (control) or with the teaching device (intervention). Following this teaching session, participant competence was assessed within two separate objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) stations: the first with the conventional ophthalmoscope and the second with the teaching device. Each station was marked by two independent masked examiners. Students were also asked to rate their own confidence in fundoscopy on a scale of 1-10. Scores of competence and confidence were compared between groups. The agreement between examiners was used as a marker for inter-rater reliability and compared between the two OSCE stations.
resultsFifty-five medical students participated. The intervention group scored significantly better than controls on station 2 (19.8 vs 17.6; P=0.01). They reported significantly greater levels of confidence in fundoscopy (7.3 vs 4.9; P<0.001). Independent examiner scores showed significantly improved agreement when using the teaching device during assessment of competence, compared to the conventional ophthalmoscope (r=0.90 vs 0.67; P<0.001).
conclusionThe teaching ophthalmoscope is associated with improved confidence and objective measures of competence, when compared with a conventional direct ophthalmoscope. Used to assess competence, the device offers greater reliability than the current standard.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.