ReviewPerception
Number As a Primary Perceptual Attribute: A Review.
Review in Perception. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ensemble size perception as a case study of the bounds of adaptation.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Perceptual grouping, not covert attention, drives the connectedness effect in the ANS.Psychological research · 2026Article
- Adaptation acts directly on the sensory representation of numerosity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The "Crowd Size Illusion" and the Relativity of Number Perception.Cognitive science · 2025Article
- Segmentation as a bottleneck in numerical cognition.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Seeing Flames, Perceiving Quantity: Approximations of Fire Intensity Across Development.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Extrastriate activity reflects sensorimotor-induced bias in estimating number of visual humans.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Symmetrical and asymmetrical distortions in time and numerosity perception induced by chunked stimuli.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- An object numbering task reveals an underestimation of complexity for typically structured scenes.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Article
- Hierarchical representations of relative numerical magnitudes in the human frontoparietal cortex.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Electroencephalographic Responses to the Number of Objects in Partially Occluded and Uncovered Scenes.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Salience maps for judgments of frontal plane distance, centroids, numerosity, and letter identity inferred from substance-invariant processing.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Adaptation biases the parallel perception of subitized numerosities.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The interplay between spatial and non-spatial grouping cues over approximate number perception.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2024Article
- Form perception is a cognitive correlate of the relation between subitizing ability and math performance.Cognitive processing · 2024Article
- Adaptation to numerosity affects the pupillary light response.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Humans can sense large numbers of objects in a box by touch alone.Perception · 2024Article
- Effects of spatial frequency cross-adaptation on the visual number sense.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2024Article
- Top-down determinants of the numerosity-time interaction.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Distinct neuronal representation of small and large numbers in the human medial temporal lobe.Nature human behaviour · 2023Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although humans are the only species to possess language-driven abstract mathematical capacities, we share with many other animals a nonverbal capacity for estimating quantities or numerosity. For some time, researchers have clearly differentiated between small numbers of items--less than about four--referred to as the subitizing range, and larger numbers, where counting or estimation is required. In this review, we examine more recent evidence suggesting a further division, between sets of items greater than the subitizing range, but sparse enough to be individuated as single items; and densely packed stimuli, where they crowd each other into what is better considered as a texture. These two different regimes are psychophysically discriminable in that they follow distinct psychophysical laws and show different dependencies on eccentricity and on luminance levels. But provided the elements are not too crowded (less than about two items per square degree in central vision, less in the periphery), there is little evidence that estimation of numerosity depends on mechanisms responsive to texture. The distinction is important, as the ability to discriminate numerosity, but not texture, correlates with formal maths skills.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.