ArticleToxicology letters2016
Conceptual approaches for treatment of phosgene inhalation-induced lung injury.
Article in Toxicology letters, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phosgene-Induced acute lung injury: Approaches for mechanism-based treatment strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Therapeutic potential of the sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor opaganib.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2026Review
- Phosgene inhalation injury in mice: Modeling human pathophysiology, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic target identification.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2026Article
- Benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b']dithiophene-4,5-diamine: A New Fluorescent Probe for the High-Sensitivity and Real-Time Visual Monitoring of Phosgene.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Countermeasures against Pulmonary Threat Agents.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Review
- A novel 2-(2-aminophenyl) imidazo [1,5-a] pyridine-based fluorescent probe for rapid detection of phosgene.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Characteristics of phosgene aspiration lung injury analyzed based on transcriptomics and proteomics.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Highly sensitive and selective detection of triphosgene with a 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole derived fluorescent probe.RSC advances · 2023Article
- Chemical exposure and alveolar macrophages responses: 'the role of pulmonary defense mechanism in inhalation injuries'.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Review
- Transcriptional Characterization of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Reveals Immune Microenvironment Alterations in Chemically Induced Acute Lung Injury.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Epithelial Cell Signature of Multiple Subtypes in Chemically Induced Acute Lung Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the Content of Aquaporin-5 and Epithelial Sodium Channel in the Lungs of Rats during the Development of Toxic Pulmonary Edema Caused by Intoxication with Acylating Pulmonotoxicants.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2022Article
- RGD-Hydrogel Improves the Therapeutic Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Phosgene-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Article
- Mechanism of Phosgene-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Treatment Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- An amino-substituted 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole for the fluorescent detection of phosgene based on an ESIPT mechanism.RSC advances · 2021Article
- Hyaluronan and halogen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and lung injury.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2020Review
- Transient receptor potential channels in pulmonary chemical injuries and as countermeasure targets.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2020Article
- Phosgene inhalation causes hemolysis and acute lung injury.Toxicology letters · 2019Article
- Inhalation Injury: Unmet Clinical Needs and Future Research.Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toxic industrial chemicals are used throughout the world to produce everyday products such as household and commercial cleaners, disinfectants, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, plastics, paper, and fertilizers. These chemicals are produced, stored, and transported in large quantities, which poses a threat to the local civilian population in cases of accidental or intentional release. Several of these chemicals have no known medical countermeasures for their toxic effects. Phosgene is a highly toxic industrial chemical which was used as a chemical warfare agent in WWI. Exposure to phosgene causes latent, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema which can result in respiratory failure and death. The mechanisms of phosgene-induced pulmonary injury are not fully identified, and currently there is no efficacious countermeasure. Here, we provide a proposed mechanism of phosgene-induced lung injury based on the literature and from studies conducted in our lab, as well as provide results from studies designed to evaluate survival efficacy of potential therapies following whole-body phosgene exposure in mice. Several therapies were able to significantly increase 24h survival following an LCt50-70 exposure to phosgene; however, no treatment was able to fully protect against phosgene-induced mortality. These studies provide evidence that mortality following phosgene toxicity can be mitigated by neuro- and calcium-regulators, antioxidants, phosphodiesterase and endothelin receptor antagonists, angiotensin converting enzymes, and transient receptor potential cation channel inhibitors. However, because the mechanism of phosgene toxicity is multifaceted, we conclude that a single therapeutic is unlikely to be sufficient to ameliorate the multitude of direct and secondary toxic effects caused by phosgene inhalation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.