Observational studyVaccine2015
Vaccine-associated reduction in symptom severity among patients with influenza A/H3N2 disease.
Observational study in Vaccine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized Pragmatic Trial of the Comparative Effectiveness of Chicken Egg-Based Inactivated, Mammalian Cell Culture-Based Inactivated, and Recombinant Protein Quadrivalent Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in United States Military Health System Beneficiaries.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- Safety and Efficacy of Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine against Covid-19.The New England journal of medicine · 2021Trial
- Effect of seasonal influenza vaccination on influenza symptom severity among children in Hutterite communities: Follow-up study of a randomized trial.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Trial
- Cross-reactive antibody and T-cell responses after influenza virus infection in community-dwelling older adults.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Healthcare Workers Have More Frequent and Less Severe Influenza-Like Illness Than Non-healthcare Workers: Findings From the PAIVED Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Disease burden of influenza in Spain: A five-season study (2015-2020).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Effect of Influenza Vaccination on the Disease Severity and Viral Load Among Adult Outpatients and Inpatients.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Closing the Gap in Race-based Inequities for Seasonal Influenza Hospitalizations: A Modeling Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- US food allergy patients' experiences, priorities, and needs: A qualitative study.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluating equity-promoting interventions to prevent race-based inequities in influenza outcomes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Severity of influenza illness by seasonal influenza vaccination status among hospitalised patients in four South American countries, 2013-19: a surveillance-based cohort study.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Postinfluenza Cardiac Tamponade: A Review of Published Case Reports.SN comprehensive clinical medicine · 2023Review
- How the COVID 19 pandemic will shape influenza public health initiatives: The UK experience.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Adjuvant-attenuated symptom severity of influenza infections in vaccinated children.Infectious medicine · 2022Article
- Vaccine-associated attenuation of subjective severity among outpatients with influenza.Vaccine · 2022Article
- Secondary attack rates from asymptomatic and symptomatic influenza virus shedders in hospitals: Results from the TransFLUas influenza transmission study.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Characterizing the transmission patterns of seasonal influenza in Italy: lessons from the last decade.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe moderate level of protection conferred by influenza vaccines is well-known, but the vaccine's ability to attenuate symptom severity among vaccinated individuals (i.e., vaccine failures) has not been established.
methodsWe enrolled otherwise healthy adults who presented with influenza-like illness (ILI) at five US military hospitals between 2009 and 2014. Influenza was diagnosed and subtyped by PCR. Individual and composite severity scores were compared between those who had vs. had not received the seasonal influenza vaccine >14 days prior to enrollment.
resultsA total of 155 cases of influenza (A/H1N1, n=69; A/H3N2, n=66; A/untyped, n=3; B, n=17) were identified, of whom 111 (72%; A/H1N1, n=44; A/H3N2, n=52; A/untyped, n=3; B, n=12) had been vaccinated. Women were significantly less likely to be vaccinated than men (49% vs. 89%; p<0.01). In multivariate analysis, vaccinated individuals were significantly less likely to report a fever >101°F (OR 0.24; 95% CI [0.10, 0.62]) and more likely to report myalgias (OR 3.31; 95% CI [1.22, 8.97]) than vaccinated individuals. Among patients with A/H3N2 infection, upper respiratory and total symptom severity scores were significantly lower for vaccinated patients during the first 2 days of illness, and differences in total symptom severity persisted over 7 days (p<0.05 for all comparisons). Differences across additional symptom categories (lower respiratory and systemic) were also observed throughout 7 days of illness in bivariate analyses. Differences in symptom severity were not observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants with A/H1N1 infection.
conclusionsAmong patients with A/H3N2 infection, receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine was associated with reduced symptom severity. Patient-centered discussion about the benefits of influenza vaccination should be expanded to include the possibility that the vaccine could attenuate symptoms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.