ReviewRadiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
Anorectal Cancer: Critical Anatomic and Staging Distinctions That Affect Use of Radiation Therapy.
Review in Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Anorectal Remodeling in the Transitional Zone with Increased Expression of LGR5, SOX9, SOX2, and Keratin 13 and 5 in a Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Mouse Model of Ulcerative Colitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Current update on the role of endoanal ultrasound: a primer for radiologists.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2024Review
- An Updated Review on Imaging and Staging of Anal Cancer-Not Just Rectal Cancer.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2023Review
- Adjuvant Injections Altered the Ileal and Fecal Microbiota Differently with Changes in Immunoglobulin Isotypes and Antimycobacterial Antibody Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Multimodality imaging findings of infection-induced tumors.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2022Review
- Anorectal pathology in the HIV population: a guide for radiologists.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2022Review
- Prognosis of anal canal adenocarcinoma versus lower rectal adenocarcinoma in Japan: a propensity score matching study.Surgery today · 2022Article
- Alternative pathways for the development of lymphoid structures in humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Predictive factors for early distant metastasis after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2021Article
- Internal hemorrhoid harboring adenocarcinoma: A case report.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2021Article
- Highly proliferative anal neuroendocrine carcinoma: molecular and clinical features of a rare, recurrent case in complete remission.BMC gastroenterology · 2020Article
- An Algorithmic Approach to Perineal Reconstruction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2019Article
- Beyond adenocarcinoma: MRI of uncommon rectal neoplasms and mimickers.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2019Review
- Early T Follicular Helper Cell Responses and Germinal Center Reactions Are Associated with Viremia Control in Immunized Rhesus Macaques.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Lateral Lymph Node Metastases in Locally Advanced Low Rectal Cancers May Not Be Treated Effectively With Neoadjuvant (Chemo)Radiotherapy Only.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Article
- Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision for Treatment of Carcinoma in the Middle or Lower Third Rectum: the Technical Feasibility of the Procedure, Pathological Results, and Clinical Outcome.Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2018Article
- Loss of Raf kinase inhibitor protein expression is associated with human papillomavirus 16 infection in anal tumors.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- Multimodality Imaging Review of Anorectal and Perirectal Diseases With Histological, Endoscopic, and Operative Correlation, Part I: Anatomy and Neoplasms.Current problems in diagnostic radiologyReview
- Cancer of the Anal Canal: Diagnosis, Staging and Follow-Up with MRI.Korean journal of radiologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although rectal and anal cancers are anatomically close, they are distinct entities with different histologic features, risk factors, staging systems, and treatment pathways. Imaging is at the core of initial clinical staging of these cancers and most commonly includes magnetic resonance imaging for local-regional staging and computed tomography for evaluation of metastatic disease. The details of the primary tumor and involvement of regional lymph nodes are crucial in determining if and how radiation therapy should be used in treatment of these cancers. Unfortunately, available imaging modalities have been shown to have imperfect accuracy for identification of nodal metastases and imaging features other than size. Staging of nonmetastatic rectal cancers is dependent on the depth of invasion (T stage) and the number of involved regional lymph nodes (N stage). Staging of nonmetastatic anal cancers is determined according to the size of the primary mass and the combination of regional nodal sites involved; the number of positive nodes at each site is not a consideration for staging. Patients with T3 rectal tumors and/or involvement of perirectal, mesenteric, and internal iliac lymph nodes receive radiation therapy. Almost all anal cancers warrant use of radiation therapy, but the extent and dose of the radiation fields is altered on the basis of both the size of the primary lesion and the presence and extent of nodal involvement. The radiologist must recognize and report these critical anatomic and staging distinctions, which affect use of radiation therapy in patients with anal and rectal cancers.
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