ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2016
Are strict vegetarians protected against prostate cancer?
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vegetarian and vegan diets and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review of the impact of a plant-based diet on prostate cancer incidence and outcomes.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- No Significant Differences in Muscle Growth and Strength Development When Consuming Soy and Whey Protein Supplements Matched for Leucine Following a 12 Week Resistance Training Program in Men and Women: A Randomized Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Vegetarian diets and cancer risk: pooled analysis of 1.8 million women and men in nine prospective studies on three continents.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Elucidating the Potential Targets and Mechanisms of Bisphenol A-Induced Prostate Cancer Based on Network Toxicology and Molecular Docking Analyses.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Longitudinal associations between vegetarian dietary habits and site-specific cancers in the Adventist Health Study-2 North American cohort.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Vegetarianísh-How "Flexitarian" Eating Patterns Are Defined and Their Role in Global Food-Based Dietary Guidance.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Plant-based diets and urological health.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Diet and Nutrition on Prostate Cancer - Food for Thought?Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Dietary Pattern and Cancer.Cancer treatment and research · 2024Review
- Socio-demographic determinants of dietary choices and their impact on health in Spanish adults.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Vegetarian and vegan diets: benefits and drawbacks.European heart journal · 2023Article
- Total meat (flesh) supply may be a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases worldwide.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- A matched case-control study in Taiwan to evaluate potential risk factors for prostate cancer.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Dietary Patterns and Risk of Gleason Grade Progression among Men on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: Results from the Canary Prostate Active Surveillance Study.Nutrition and cancer · 2023Article
- Dairy foods, calcium intakes, and risk of incident prostate cancer in Adventist Health Study-2.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Ultra-processed food intake and animal-based food intake and mortality in the Adventist Health Study-2.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Observational
- Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Diet, Lifestyle, Family History, and Screening Patterns.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAccording to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer accounts for ∼27% of all incident cancer cases among men and is the second most common (noncutaneous) cancer among men. The relation between diet and prostate cancer is still unclear. Because people do not consume individual foods but rather foods in combination, the assessment of dietary patterns may offer valuable information when determining associations between diet and prostate cancer risk.
objectiveThis study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns (nonvegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, vegan, and semi-vegetarian) and prostate cancer incidence among 26,346 male participants of the Adventist Health Study-2.
designIn this prospective cohort study, cancer cases were identified by matching to cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to estimate HRs by using age as the time variable.
resultsIn total, 1079 incident prostate cancer cases were identified. Around 8% of the study population reported adherence to the vegan diet. Vegan diets showed a statistically significant protective association with prostate cancer risk (HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.85). After stratifying by race, the statistically significant association with a vegan diet remained only for the whites (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.86), but the multivariate HR for black vegans showed a similar but nonsignificant point estimate (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.41, 1.18).
conclusionVegan diets may confer a lower risk of prostate cancer. This lower estimated risk is seen in both white and black vegan subjects, although in the latter, the CI is wider and includes the null.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.