ArticleThe American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry2016
Dual Trajectories of Depression and Cognition: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study.
Article in The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Latent profiles of childhood maltreatment and influence on later-life depressive symptoms trajectories: evidence from China.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Associations between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in China older adults based on a dual-trajectory model.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Persistent depressive symptom trajectory is associated with cognitive impairment: a population-based longitudinal study of aging in Taiwan.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Association Between Cognitive Trajectories and Subsequent Health Status, Depressive Symptoms, and Mortality Among Older Adults in the United States: Findings From a Nationally Representative Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Dual trajectories of short-term and long-term sickness absence and their social- and health-related determinants among women in the public sector.European journal of public health · 2024Article
- A Subtype Perspective on Cognitive Trajectories in Healthy Aging.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Predictors of cognitive change in cognitively healthy older women in Panama: the PARI-HD study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Frailty, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults: an eight-year multi-trajectory analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Cognitive Trajectories in Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Incident Dementia, Disability and Death: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Cognitive Screening in Aging Physicians: Faith in Numbers.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2021Article
- Trajectories of cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal study of population heterogeneity.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Increase in Number of Depression Symptoms Over Time is Related to Worse Cognitive Outcomes in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2021Article
- Trajectories of depressive symptoms and associated patterns of cognitive decline.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Depression as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.Biomedicines · 2020Article
- Distinct Cognitive Trajectories in Late Life and Associated Predictors and Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2020Review
- Longitudinal Association of Depression Symptoms With Cognition and Cortical Amyloid Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- Latent classes of mild cognitive impairment are associated with clinical outcomes and neuropathology: Analysis of data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center.Neurobiology of disease · 2018Article
- Patterns of late-life depressive symptoms and subsequent declines in cognitive domains.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2017Article
- Association of long-term patterns of depressive symptoms and attention/executive function among older men with and without human immunodeficiency virus.Journal of neurovirology · 2017Article
- Trajectories of Depressive Symptomatology in Rural Memory Clinic Patients between Baseline Diagnosis and 1-Year Follow-Up.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extraArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the relationships over time between dual trajectories of depressive symptoms and several cognitive domains.
methodsIn a 5-year longitudinal study, 1,978 randomly selected individuals aged 65+ years at recruitment were assessed annually. Repeated measures were of depressive symptoms on the modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and composite scores in the cognitive domains of attention, executive function, memory, language, and visuospatial function. Latent class trajectories were identified for depression and for each cognitive domain and their associations investigated using dual trajectory modeling. Cognitive trajectories with z scores below -1 were designated as persistently low.
resultsFive depressive symptom trajectories were observed: rarely depressed (60.5%); low-grade, decreasing symptoms (18.5%); low-grade, increasing symptoms (9.6%); moderate-grade symptoms (7.4%); and consistent higher-grade symptoms (4.0%). For each cognitive domain six trajectories were observed. The rarely depressed and low-grade decreasing symptom groups were the least likely to have persistently low cognition. The symptom trajectory most strongly associated with persistently low functioning in each domain was not the higher-grade group but rather the low-grade increasing group in the case of attention and the moderate-grade trajectory in the other four domains.
conclusionConsistently higher-grade depressive symptoms are less strongly associated with poor cognitive functioning than with either moderate- or low-grade increasing depressive symptom trajectories, over time and across different domains. Examining both depression and cognition longitudinally allows heterogeneity of both to be addressed, revealing latent groups with potential diagnostic and prognostic implications.
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