ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2015
Central delivery of iodine-125-labeled cetuximab, etanercept and anakinra after perispinal injection in rats: possible implications for treating Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and Efficacy of Perispinal Etanercept for Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Neurology · 2025Trial
- Perispinal Etanercept to improve STroke Outcomes (PESTO): Protocol for a multicenter, international, randomized placebo-controlled trial.European stroke journal · 2024Article
- The relationships between neuroglial and neuronal changes in Alzheimer's disease, and the related controversies II:Journal of central nervous system disease · 2022Review
- Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Blood-Brain Barrier Drug Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Effects of etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein, on primary cell cultures prepared from intact human intervertebral disc tissue.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2019Article
- The role of interleukin-1 in general pathology.Inflammation and regeneration · 2019Review
- Targeting TNFR2 as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Passive Immunotherapies for Central Nervous System Disorders: Current Delivery Challenges and New Approaches.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2018Review
- Inhibition of Inflammation Mediated Through the Tumor Necrosis Factor α Biochemical Pathway Can Lead to Favorable Outcomes in Alzheimer Disease.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2017Review
- Tumor necrosis factor α Inhibition for Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2017Review
- Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha for Alzheimer's Disease.Current Alzheimer research · 2017Review
- The dual roles of cytokines in Alzheimer's disease: update on interleukins, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ.Translational neurodegeneration · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAlzheimer's disease is a debilitating condition, and the search for an effective treatment is ongoing. Inflammation, in reaction to amyloid deposition, is thought to accelerate cognitive decline. With tumor necrosis factor α being an important proinflammatory cytokine, a recent trial investigated the effect of the tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor etanercept after peripheral administration in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Although there was no significant effect, others have claimed spectacular effects of etanercept after perispinal injection. In the present study, the central delivery of drugs with a large molecular weight was evaluated after injection in the cervical perispinal region in rats. If successful, this strategy might increase therapeutic options for patients with Alzheimer's disease.
methodsNine male Sprague-Dawley rats were given injections of iodine-125-labeled cetuximab (146 kDa), etanercept (51 kDa), and anakinra (17 kDa). Each radioiodinated drug was injected in the perispinal region in two rats and into the dorsal tail vein in one rat. Directly after injection, the rats were placed in a head-down position for 3 minutes to direct blood flow into the valveless vertebral venous system. A single-positron emission computed tomography scan was acquired starting 5 minutes after injection, subsequently the rats were euthanized and bio-distribution was determined.
resultsIntracranial delivery of the radiolabeled drugs could not be visualized in all but one of the rats. Injected drugs accumulated locally in the perispinal region.
conclusionsIn this study, no evidence could be found for the delivery of drugs to the central nervous system after perispinal injection. Additional research is needed before this treatment can be used in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.