ArticleAIDS (London, England)2016
Distinct cytokine/chemokine network in semen and blood characterize different stages of HIV infection.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of early cART on HIV blood and semen compartments at the time of primary infection.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Persistence of Bacterial Dysbiosis, Cervicovaginal Human Papillomaviruses, and Inflammation in Women Living With HIV-1 After a Year of Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Differential Effect of Cytokines on CD4+ T-Cell Activation, Metabolism, and Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Cytokine Concentrations in Seminal Plasma and Blood in HIV Infection: Differential Modulation by Antiretroviral Therapy and Association with HIV RNA Levels and CD4International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- The STAT Signaling Pathway in HIV-1 Infection: Roles and Dysregulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- TRAIL (DR5) receptor and the modulation of TRAIL pathway in PLWHIV: key mechanisms in the progression of HIV disease.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2025Article
- Cytokine trajectory over time in men and women with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- HIV-1 Nef is carried on the surface of extracellular vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Low unspliced cell-associated HIV RNA in early treated adolescents living with HIV on long suppressive ART.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Using the power of innate immunoprofiling to understand vaccine design, infection, and immunity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- HIV but Not CMV Replication Alters the Blood Cytokine Network during Early HIV Infection in Men.Viruses · 2022Article
- Plasma interleukin-7 correlation with human immunodeficiency virus RNA and CD4+ T cell counts, and interleukin-5 with circulating hepatitis B virus DNA may have implications in viral control.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Transcriptomic analysis of the seminal vesicle response to the reproductive toxicant acrylamide.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Concordance of immunological events between intrarectal and intravenous SHIVAD8-EO infection when assessed by Fiebig-equivalent staging.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
- Nicotine self-administration with menthol and audiovisual cue facilitates differential packaging of CYP2A6 and cytokines/chemokines in rat plasma extracellular vesicles.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A preliminary study on the characteristics of Th1/Th2 immune response in cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- The importance of semen leukocytes in HIV-1 transmission and the development of prevention strategies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Review
- Deep Sequencing Reveals Compartmentalized HIV-1 in the Semen of Men with and without Sexually Transmitted Infection-Associated Urethritis.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Period of Boar Ejaculate Collection Contributes to the Yearly Intra-Male Variability of Seminal Plasma Cytokines.Biology · 2020Article
- Persistent Immune Activation in HIV-1-Infected Ex Vivo Model Tissues Subjected to Antiretroviral Therapy: Soluble and Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Cytokines.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe cytokine/chemokine network is used by the innate and adaptive immune system to orchestrate effective immune responses. Here, we describe the cross-sectional association between cytokine levels and stage of HIV infection to gain novel insights into HIV-1 immunopathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic targets.
designConcentrations of 31 cytokine/chemokines were retrospectively measured in blood and seminal plasma collected from 252 individuals enrolled in four well characterized cohorts: HIV-uninfected, untreated HIV-infected in early phase of infection, untreated HIV-infected in late phase of infection, and HIV-infected on antiretroviral therapy with undetectable HIV RNA levels in blood (<50 copies/ml).
methodsCytokine/chemokine levels were measured by multiplex-bead array. Comparisons between groups were performed by Mann-Whitney U-test and P values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg method.
resultsPresence of HIV-infection skewed the cytokine/chemokine network towards a pro-inflammatory response in both blood and semen compared to HIV-uninfected controls. Such changes emerged within the first weeks of infection and were maintained thereafter: Among untreated HIV-infected individuals, none of the 31 measured cytokines were significantly different between early and later stages of infection. Suppression of plasma HIV RNA with ART did not result in normalization of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood. In semen, several pro-inflammatory cytokines were even further upregulated in ART-treated compared with HIV-uninfected and HIV-untreated individuals.
conclusionA profound disruption in the cytokine/chemokine network is evident in blood and semen from the earliest stage of HIV infection shortly after the first detection of systemic viremia. These changes are maintained throughout the chronic phase of the infection and do not normalize despite ART and suppression of plasma HIV RNA.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.