ArticleAIDS (London, England)2015
Socioeconomic marginalization and plasma HIV-1 RNA nondetectability among individuals who use illicit drugs in a Canadian setting.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Article
- Exploring Mediators of Mental Health Service Use Among Transgender Individuals in Ontario, Canada.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2023Article
- Cohort Profile: The Assessing Economic Transitions (ASSET) Study-A Community-Based Mixed-Methods Study of Economic Engagement among Inner-City Residents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- HIV and Incarceration: Implications for HIV-Positive People Who Use Illicit Drugs During a Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain Initiative in Canada.Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care · 2022Article
- Material Security Scale as a Measurement of Poverty among Key Populations At-Risk for HIV/AIDS in Malaysia: An Implication for People Who Use Drugs and Transgender People during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Assessing the Temporality Between Transitions onto Opioid Agonist Therapy and Engagement with Antiretroviral Therapy in a Cohort of HIV-Positive People Who Use Opioids Daily.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Drug-related harm coinciding with income assistance payments: results from a community-based cohort of people who use drugs.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Observational
- Self-perception of assisting with future injection drug initiation: The influence of relationships in the process of drug injecting initiation.Drug and alcohol review · 2021Article
- Elevated prevalence of self-reported unintentional exposure to fentanyl among women who use drugs in a Canadian setting: A cross-sectional analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
- Longitudinal Factors Associated with Used Syringe Lending Among HIV-Positive Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve People Who Inject Drugs in a Canadian Setting.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Material security and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive people who use illicit drugs.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Receipt of opioid agonist treatment halves the risk of HIV-1 RNA viral load rebound through improved ART adherence for HIV-infected women who use illicit drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Employment Cessation, Long Term Labour Market Engagement and HIV Infection Risk Among People Who Inject Drugs in an Urban Canadian Setting.AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
- Dispensation of antiretroviral therapy and methadone maintenance therapy at the same facility in a low-barrier setting linked to optimal adherence to HIV treatment.HIV medicine · 2019Observational
- Prevalence and Correlates of Reporting Difficulty Taking Antiretroviral Treatment Among HIV-Positive Illicit Drug Users in Vancouver, Canada: A Longitudinal Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
- Transitions in income generation among marginalized people who use drugs: A qualitative study on recycling and vulnerability to violence.The International journal on drug policy · 2018Article
- Substance Use and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy: What Is Known and What Is Unknown.Current infectious disease reports · 2018Review
- Social and structural factors associated with greater time with a plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load above log10(1500) copies/ml among illicit drug users.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- The perspectives of structurally vulnerable people who use drugs on volunteer stipends and work experiences provided through a drug user organization: Opportunities and limitations.The International journal on drug policy · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveGiven that people who use illicit drugs (PWUD) often engage in prohibited income generation to support their basic needs, we sought to examine the role of these activities in shaping antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and plasma HIV RNA-1 viral load suppression among HIV-infected PWUD.
designLongitudinal analyses among HIV-positive, ART-exposed PWUD in the AIDS Care Cohort to evaluate Exposure to Survival Services prospective cohort study (2005-2013).
methodsGeneralized linear mixed-effects and mediation analyses examined the relationship between prohibited income generation (e.g., sex work, drug dealing, theft, street-based income) and virologic suppression (plasma viral load ≤50 copies/ml plasma) adjusting for adherence and potential confounders.
resultsAmong 687 HIV-infected PWUD, 391 (56.9%) individuals reported prohibited income generation activity during the study period. In multivariate analyses, prohibited income generation remained independently and negatively associated with virologic suppression (adjusted odds ratio: 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.52-0.88) following adjustment for hypothesized confounders, including high-intensity drug use, ART adherence and homelessness. Although partially mediated by ART adherence, the relationship between prohibited income generation and virologic suppression was maintained in mediation analyses (Sobel statistic = -1.95, P = 0.05).
conclusionInvolvement in prohibited income generation decreases the likelihood of virologic suppression directly and indirectly through its negative association with ART adherence. These findings suggest that linkages between socioeconomic marginalization, the criminalization of illicit drug use, and insufficient employment opportunities may produce barriers to access and retention in care. Programmatic and policy interventions that decrease socioeconomic vulnerability may therefore reduce HIV-related morbidity, mortality, and onward transmission.
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