ReviewCritical care (London, England)2015
Propofol infusion syndrome: a structured review of experimental studies and 153 published case reports.
Review in Critical care (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 211 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recommendation for the practice of total intravenous anesthesia.Journal of anesthesia · 2024Guideline
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of propofol versus barbiturates for controlling refractory status epilepticus.BMC neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Prevention of acute kidney injury and protection of renal function in the intensive care unit: update 2017 : Expert opinion of the Working Group on Prevention, AKI section, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.Intensive care medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Sequential use of midazolam and dexmedetomidine for long-term sedation may reduce weaning time in selected critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients: a randomized controlled study.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Total intravenous anesthesia in kidney transplantation: A narrative review.World journal of transplantation · 2026Article
- Article
- Drug safety in patients with mitochondrial disease: an observational cohort study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Observational
- Characterizing the Safety and Efficacy of Propofol in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2026Article
- Rapid Evolution of Sine-Wave Electrocardiographic Morphology Preceding Cardiac Arrest.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Propofol and Hypertriglyceridemia in the ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recent Observational Data.Cureus · 2026Review
- Remimazolam in pediatric sedation and anesthesia: current perspectives and clinical considerations.Journal of intensive care · 2026Review
- Pharmacological profiles and mechanism of action of remimazolam for ICU sedation.Journal of intensive care · 2026Review
- Anakinra for tocilizumab-refractory febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome with normal IL-1β levels: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- High-Dose Propofol Induces Cytotoxicity by Elevating Intracellular CaDrug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of sedation induced with cipepofol alone versus a dexmedetomidine plus propofol regimen for patients requiring mechanical ventilation: a randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- Propofol for depression: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Propofol attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-mediated neuronal apoptosis and oxidative damage by regulating the miR-6838-5p/AQP11 axis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Status Epilepsy Syndromes Made Easy: Pediatric Perspectives.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of propofol infusion syndrome risk markers following high-dose propofol.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective mechanisms of dexmedetomidine in perioperative neurocognitive disorders: From molecular pathways to clinical translation.Journal of anesthesia and translational medicine · 2025Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPropofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is a rare, but potentially lethal adverse effect of a commonly used drug. We aimed to review and correlate experimental and clinical data about this syndrome.
methodsWe searched for all case reports published between 1990 and 2014 and for all experimental studies on PRIS pathophysiology. We analysed the relationship between signs of PRIS and the rate and duration of propofol infusion causing PRIS. By multivariate logistic regression we looked at the risk factors for mortality.
resultsKnowledge about PRIS keeps evolving. Compared to earlier case reports in the literature, recently published cases describe older patients developing PRIS at lower doses of propofol, in whom arrhythmia, hypertriglyceridaemia and fever are less frequently seen, with survival more likely. We found that propofol infusion rate and duration, the presence of traumatic brain injury and fever are factors independently associated with mortality in reported cases of PRIS (area under receiver operator curve = 0.85). Similar patterns of exposure to propofol (in terms of time and concentration) are reported in clinical cases and experimental models of PRIS. Cardiac failure and metabolic acidosis occur early in a dose-dependent manner, while arrhythmia, other electrocardiographic changes and rhabdomyolysis appear more frequently after prolonged propofol infusions, irrespective of dose.
conclusionPRIS can develop with propofol infusion <4 mg/kg per hour and its diagnosis may be challenging as some of its typical features (hypertriglyceridaemia, fever, hepatomegaly, heart failure) are often (>95 %) missing and others (arrhythmia, electrocardiographic changes) occur late.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.