ReviewFrontiers in oncology2015
The Impact of Neutrons in Clinical Proton Therapy.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of lifetime attributable risk of radiation-induced secondary cancer in proton craniospinal irradiation with vertebral-body-sparing for young pediatric patients with medulloblastoma.Journal of radiation research · 2021Trial
- Monte Carlo simulation and unfolding of an extended Bonner sphere system for secondary neutron spectrometry in proton therapy facilities using conventional BSS experimental data.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- MONTE CARLO STUDY OF NEUTRON SPECTRA UNFOLDING FOR A PROTON BEAM USING MLEM.Radiation physics and chemistry (Oxford, England : 1993) · 2025Article
- Out-of-field neutron radiation from clinical proton, helium, carbon, and oxygen ion beams.Medical physics · 2025Article
- Fetal dose assessment in a pregnant patient with brain tumor: A comparative study of proton PBS and 3DCRT/VMAT radiation therapy techniques.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2024Article
- Study of Nuclear Reactions in Therapy of Tumors with Proton Beams.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Measurements of fetal dose with Mevion S250i proton therapy system with HYPERSCAN.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2023Article
- Comparison of out-of-field normal tissue dose estimates for pencil beam scanning proton therapy: MCNP6, PHITS, and TOPAS.Biomedical physics & engineering express · 2022Article
- UsingScientific reports · 2022Article
- A novel experimental approach to characterize neutron fields at high- and low-energy particle accelerators.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- DNA damage response of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to high-LET neutron irradiation.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Treatment plan comparison of proton vs photon radiotherapy for lower-grade gliomas.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2021Article
- Proton Therapy for Major Salivary Gland Cancer: Clinical Outcomes.International journal of particle therapy · 2021Article
- Neutron dose and its measurement in proton therapy-current State of Knowledge.The British journal of radiology · 2020Review
- Consolidative mediastinal irradiation of malignant lymphoma using active scanning proton beams: clinical outcome and dosimetric comparison.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2019Article
- Proton versus Photon Radiotherapy for Pediatric Central Nervous System Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dosimetric Comparison Studies.Journal of oncology · 2019Review
- Is there any benefit to particles over photon radiotherapy?Ecancermedicalscience · 2019Review
- Evaluation of the Mini-ridge Filter's Impact on the Generation of Secondary Radiation in Synchrotron-based Proton Beam Therapy.Journal of medical physicsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In proton therapy, high-energy proton beams cause the production of secondary neutrons. This leads to an unwanted dose contribution, which can be considerable for tissues outside of the target volume regarding the long-term health of cancer patients. Due to the high biological effectiveness of neutrons with regard to cancer induction, small neutron doses can be important. Published comparisons of neutron dose measurements and the corresponding estimates of cancer risk between different treatment modalities differ over orders of magnitude. In this report, the controversy about the impact of the neutron dose in proton therapy is critically discussed and viewed in the light of new epidemiological studies. In summary, the impact of neutron dose on cancer risk can be determined correctly only if the dose distributions are carefully measured or computed. It is important to include not only the neutron component into comparisons but also the complete deposition of energy as precisely as possible. Cancer risk comparisons between different radiation qualities, treatment machines, and techniques have to be performed under similar conditions. It seems that in the past, the uncertainty in the models which lead from dose to risk were overestimated when compared with erroneous dose comparisons. Current risk models used with carefully obtained dose distributions predict a second cancer risk reduction for active protons vs. photons and a more or less constant risk of passive protons vs. photons. Those findings are in general agreement with newly obtained epidemiologically results.
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