ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2015
Immunomodulating effects of antibiotics used in the prophylaxis of bacterial infections in advanced cirrhosis.
Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical, Microbiological, and Antibiotic Treatment Characteristics of Bacterial Infections in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis in China: A Multicenter Study.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2025Article
- Plasticity of monocytes and macrophages in cirrhosis of the liver.Frontiers in network physiology · 2022Review
- Review
- Toll-Like Receptors Recognize Intestinal Microbes in Liver Cirrhosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Management.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Levonadifloxacin, a Novel Benzoquinolizine Fluoroquinolone, Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Whole-Blood Assay and Murine Acute Lung Injury Model.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Natural Bioactive Compounds from Fungi as Potential Candidates for Protease Inhibitors and Immunomodulators to Apply for Coronaviruses.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Current Status and Prospects of Spontaneous Peritonitis in Patients with Cirrhosis.BioMed research international · 2020Review
- Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin attenuate microglia inflammatory response via TLR4/NF-kB pathway.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Review
- Sustained impact of nosocomial-acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in different stages of decompensated liver cirrhosis.PloS one · 2019Article
- Causes and Consequences of Innate Immune Dysfunction in Cirrhosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Unresolved issues in the prophylaxis of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis.World journal of hepatology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of norfloxacin either as primary or secondary prophylaxis of bacterial infections in advanced cirrhosis has improved patient's survival. This may be explained not only due to a significant decrease in the number of infections, but also because of a direct immunomodulatory effect. Selective intestinal decontamination with norfloxacin reduces translocation of either viable bacteria or bacteria-driven products from the intestinal lumen. In addition, norfloxacin directly modulates the systemic inflammatory response. The pro-inflammatory cytokine profile secreted by neutrophils from these patients shows a close, significant, and inverse correlation with serum norfloxacin levels. Similar effects have been described with other quinolones in different clinical conditions. Although the underlying mechanisms are not well defined for most of the antibiotics, the pathways triggered for norfloxacin to induce such immunomodulatory effects involve the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and NF-κB and the up-regulation of heme-oxygenase 1 and IL-10 expression. The knowledge of these immunomodulatory effects, additional to their bactericidal role, improves our comprehension of the interaction between antibiotics and the cellular host response and offer new possibilities for the development of new therapeutic strategies to manage and prevent bacterial infections in cirrhosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.