ReviewAdvances in medicine2014
Sepsis Associated Encephalopathy.
Review in Advances in medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03133208 (Serum Biomarkers in Sepsis Associated Encephalopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 115 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Serum Biomarkers in Sepsis Associated Encephalopathy (SAE)
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic utility of neurogenic biomarkers in differentiating sepsis with and without associated encephalopathy: a systematic review and meta-analytic approach.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic models for sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion on Intracranial Pressure and Hemodynamics in Septic Shock Patients.Neurocritical care · 2026Trial
- Device-Associated Sepsis and Brain Injury: Transitioning From Early Infection Control to Late Neuroprotection.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2026Review
- Roles of necroptosis and autophagy in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Probable sepsis-associated encephalopathy as a component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in a cat with pyothorax.Australian veterinary journal · 2026Article
- A 'Tangled Web' in the CNS: unraveling neutrophil extracellular traps in neurological disorders.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Barrier breakdown: lung-brain crosstalk in systemic inflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Brain endothelial PTPRO drives LPS-induced metabolic reprogramming and neuroinflammation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Neuropathologic Autopsy Findings in Pediatric Sepsis: A Two-Center, Retrospective Study.Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies · 2026Article
- The Differential Diagnosis of Coma in the ICU: Hyperacute Postoperative Guillain-Barré Syndrome-A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Diagnostic value of mismatch-negativity and P3a event-related potentials for sepsis-associated encephalopathy in non-sedated patients: a pilot study.World journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Modified SIRS Criteria for Patients ≥ 65 Years with Addition of Altered Mental Status and Reduced Heart Rate for Atrioventricular Nodal Blockers.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Electroacupuncture-inspired neuroimmune modulation in sepsis: evidence appraisal and ICU trial-design priorities.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Source-stratified gut-extraintestinal organ crosstalk in sepsis-associated acute gastrointestinal injury and paralytic ileus: the gut as both driver and target.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- YiQi-HuoXue prescription ameliorates LPS-induced sepsis-associated encephalopathy via VCAM-1-mediated microglial efferocytosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A 24-hour landmark machine learning model for predicting new-onset sepsis-associated encephalopathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Identification and Analysis of Remimazolam's Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms in Murine Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy via Transcriptomic Analysis.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Early Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Correlates of Neurological Dysfunction in Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department with Sepsis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Juntendo medical journal · 2026Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common but poorly understood neurological complication of sepsis. It is characterized by diffuse brain dysfunction secondary to infection elsewhere in the body without overt CNS infection. The pathophysiology of SAE is complex and multifactorial including a number of intertwined mechanisms such as vascular damage, endothelial activation, breakdown of the blood brain barrier, altered brain signaling, brain inflammation, and apoptosis. Clinical presentation of SAE may range from mild symptoms such as malaise and concentration deficits to deep coma. The evaluation of cognitive dysfunction is made difficult by the absence of any specific investigations or biomarkers and the common use of sedation in critically ill patients. SAE thus remains diagnosis of exclusion which can only be made after ruling out other causes of altered mentation in a febrile, critically ill patient by appropriate investigations. In spite of high mortality rate, management of SAE is limited to treatment of the underlying infection and symptomatic treatment for delirium and seizures. It is important to be aware of this condition because SAE may present in early stages of sepsis, even before the diagnostic criteria for sepsis can be met. This review discusses the diagnostic approach to patients with SAE along with its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and differential diagnosis.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.