ReviewToxins2015
Current status and future directions of botulinum neurotoxins for targeting pain processing.
Review in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin Injection on Bruxism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2023Pooled it
- An indirect comparison meta-analysis of noninvasive intravesical instillation and intravesical injection of botulinum toxin-A in bladder disorders.International urology and nephrology · 2022Pooled it
- Botulinum toxin type A applications for masticatory myofascial pain and trigeminal neuralgia: what is the evidence regarding adverse effects?Clinical oral investigations · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Persistent Myofascial Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Toxins · 2020Trial
- Skeletal muscle reprogramming in peripheral nerve injury: mechanisms, therapeutic roles, and complication management.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Article
- Intradermally injected abobotulinumtoxinA administered preemptively before surgery alleviates post-surgical pain and normalizes behavior in a translational animal model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Diagnosis of botulism in mammals aided by toxin ELISA and C and D gene RT-PCRs with an emphasis on farm animals.Veterinary research communications · 2024Article
- Neurobiological mechanisms of botulinum neurotoxin-induced analgesia for neuropathic pain.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Bidirectional modulation of synaptic transmission by insulin-like growth factor-I.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Industrial Production and Therapeutic Application of Botulinum Neurotoxin: The Role ofPharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2024Review
- Botulinum neurotoxins: Future innovations.Medicine · 2023Article
- Botulinum toxin A for management of refractory concurrent buccal and inferior alveolar nerve post-traumatic neuropathies: a case report.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Article
- Molecular landscape of BoNT/B bound to a membrane-inserted synaptotagmin/ganglioside complex.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- Preclinical Evidence for the Role of Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Peripherally Administered Botulinum Toxin Type A Localizes Bilaterally in Trigeminal Ganglia of Animal Model.Toxins · 2021Article
- Comprehensive evaluation of botulinum toxin treatment outcomes of a patient with persistent myofascial orofacial pain.Clinical case reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Posttranslational Regulation of Botulinum Neurotoxin Production in Clostridium botulinum Hall A-mSphere · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) A1 and B1, given locally into peripheral tissues such as skin, muscles, and joints, alter nociceptive processing otherwise initiated by inflammation or nerve injury in animal models and humans. Recent data indicate that such locally delivered BoNTs exert not only local action on sensory afferent terminals but undergo transport to central afferent cell bodies (dorsal root ganglia) and spinal dorsal horn terminals, where they cleave SNAREs and block transmitter release. Increasing evidence supports the possibility of a trans-synaptic movement to alter postsynaptic function in neuronal and possibly non-neuronal (glial) cells. The vast majority of these studies have been conducted on BoNT/A1 and BoNT/B1, the only two pharmaceutically developed variants. However, now over 40 different subtypes of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been identified. By combining our existing and rapidly growing understanding of BoNT/A1 and /B1 in altering nociceptive processing with explorations of the specific characteristics of the various toxins from this family, we may be able to discover or design novel, effective, and long-lasting pain therapeutics. This review will focus on our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms whereby BoNTs alter pain processing, and future directions in the development of these agents as pain therapeutics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.