ArticleBMC genomics2015
Evolution of the EKA family of powdery mildew avirulence-effector genes from the ORF 1 of a LINE retrotransposon.
Article in BMC genomics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sequence-based comparative secretome analysis reveals conserved core effectors and host lineage-specific divergence between monocot- and dicot-associated powdery mildew lineages.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Ancestral and recent bursts of transposition shaped the massive genomes of plant pathogenic rust fungi.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Recombination and transposition drive genomic structural variation potentially impacting life history traits in a host-generalist fungal plant pathogen.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Diversification, loss, and virulence gains of the major effector AvrStb6 during continental spread of the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Genome and transcriptome analysis of Chinese wheat powdery mildew isolate 21-2 for discovery of important virulence determinants.Current research in microbial sciences · 2025Article
- Uncovering the Mechanisms: The Role of Biotrophic Fungi in Activating or Suppressing Plant Defense Responses.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Dynamics of transposable elements in recently diverged fungal pathogens: lineage-specific transposable element content and efficiency of genome defenses.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- Characterization of Two Satellite DNA Families in the Genome of the Oomycete Plant PathogenFrontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Small RNA discovery in the interaction between barley and the powdery mildew pathogen.BMC genomics · 2019Article
- Article
- Variable genome evolution in fungi after transposon-mediated amplification of a housekeeping gene.Mobile DNA · 2019Article
- Novel jack-in-the-box effector of the barley powdery mildew pathogen?Journal of experimental botany · 2018Article
- A barley powdery mildew fungus non-autonomous retrotransposon encodes a peptide that supports penetration success on barley.Journal of experimental botany · 2018Article
- Signatures of host specialization and a recent transposable element burst in the dynamic one-speed genome of the fungal barley powdery mildew pathogen.BMC genomics · 2018Article
- Article
- LINE-1 ORF-1p enhances the transcription factor activity of pregnenolone X receptor and promotes sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Cancer management and research · 2018Article
- The complete genome sequence of the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum reveals insights into the genome architecture of broad host range pathogens.Genome biology and evolution · 2017Article
- AvrPm2 encodes an RNase-like avirulence effector which is conserved in the two different specialized forms of wheat and rye powdery mildew fungus.The New phytologist · 2017Article
- Allelic barley MLA immune receptors recognize sequence-unrelated avirulence effectors of the powdery mildew pathogen.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Avirulence Genes in Cereal Powdery Mildews: The Gene-for-Gene Hypothesis 2.0.Frontiers in plant science · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Avrk1 and Avra10 avirulence (AVR) genes encode effectors that increase the pathogenicity of the fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh), the powdery mildew pathogen, in susceptible barley plants. In resistant barley, MLK1 and MLA10 resistance proteins recognize the presence of AVRK1 and AVRA10, eliciting the hypersensitive response typical of gene for gene interactions. Avrk1 and Avra10 have more than 1350 homologues in Bgh genome, forming the EKA (Effectors homologous to Avr k 1 and Avr a 10) gene family.
resultsWe tested the hypothesis that the EKA family originated from degenerate copies of Class I LINE retrotransposons by analysing the EKA family in the genome of Bgh isolate DH14 with bioinformatic tools specially developed for the analysis of Transposable Elements (TE) in genomes. The Class I LINE retrotransposon copies homologous to Avrk1 and Avra10 represent 6.5 % of the Bgh annotated genome and, among them, we identified 293 AVR/effector candidate genes. We also experimentally identified peptides that indicated the translation of several predicted proteins from EKA family members, which had higher relative abundance in haustoria than in hyphae.
conclusionsOur analyses indicate that Avrk1 and Avra10 have evolved from part of the ORF1 gene of Class I LINE retrotransposons. The co-option of Avra10 and Avrk1 as effectors from truncated copies of retrotransposons explains the huge number of homologues in Bgh genome that could act as dynamic reservoirs from which new effector genes may evolve. These data provide further evidence for recruitment of retrotransposons in the evolution of new biological functions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.