Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26555964›Full record

ArticleJournal of pharmaceutics2013

Pentoxifylline Loaded Floating Microballoons: Design, Development and Characterization.

Prashant Malik, Upendra Nagaich, Raj Kaur Malik, Neha Gulati

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of pharmaceutics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 50% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Prashant MalikDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut 250 103, India.
Upendra NagaichDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut 250 103, India.
Raj Kaur MalikDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut 250 103, India.
Neha GulatiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut 250 103, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The floating microballoons have been utilized to obtain prolonged and uniform release in the stomach. The objective of the present study involves design, development, and characterization of pentoxifylline loaded floating microballoons to prolong their gastric residence time. Pentoxifylline (trisubstituted xanthine derivative) loaded microballoons were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique using different concentrations of polymers like HPMC K4M and ethyl cellulose (EC) in ethyl alcohol and dichloromethane organic solvent system. Microballoons were characterized for their particle size, surface morphology, production yield, loading efficiency, buoyancy percentage, and in vitro drug release studies. From the characterization it was observed that increases in amount of polymers (HPMC K4M and EC) led to increased particle size, loading efficiency, and buoyancy percentage, and retarded drug release. The particle size, particle yield, loading efficiency, buoyancy percentage and in vitro drug release for optimized formulation (F3) were found to be 104.0 ± 2.87 µm, 80.89 ± 2.24%, 77.85 ± 0.61%, 77.52 ± 2.04%, and 82.21 ± 1.29%, respectively. The data was fitted to different kinetic models to illustrate its anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion. The in vitro result showed that formulations comprised of varying concentrations of ethyl cellulose in higher proportion exhibited much retarded drug release as compared to formulations comprised of higher proportion of varying concentrations of HPMC K4M.

Identifiers

PMID26555964
PMCPMC4590787
OpenAlexW2071687027

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.