ArticlePloS one2015
Establishment of Green Fluorescent Protein and Firefly Luciferase Expressing Mouse Primary Macrophages for In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The M1/M2 Test System for Determining Macrophage Phenotypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Comparative analysis of RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, and Di-4-ANEPPDHQ fluorescence for distinguishing macrophages phenotypes.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Monitoring Macrophage Polarization with Gene Expression Reporters and Bioluminescence Phasor Analysis.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2024Article
- Monitoring macrophage polarization with gene expression reporters and bioluminescence phasor analysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Therapeutic effects of MSCs, genetically modified MSCs, and NFĸB-inhibitor on chronic inflammatory osteolysis in aged mice.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023Article
- CCL2 promotes osteogenesis by facilitating macrophage migration during acute inflammation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- PDGF-BB and IL-4 co-overexpression is a potential strategy to enhance mesenchymal stem cell-based bone regeneration.Stem cell research & therapy · 2021Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells and NF-κB Sensing Interleukin-4 Over-Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Equally Effective in Mitigating Particle-Associated Chronic Inflammatory Bone Loss in Mice.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Molecular and Nonmolecular Imaging of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
- Effect of Aging on the Macrophage Response to Titanium Particles.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2020Article
- Optimization and Characterization of Calcium Phosphate Transfection in Mesenchymal Stem Cells.Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods · 2019Article
- Treating Titanium Particle-Induced Inflammation with Genetically Modified NF-ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2019Article
- In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging in a Rabbit Model of Orthopaedic Implant-Associated Infection to Monitor Efficacy of an Antibiotic-Releasing Coating.The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume · 2019Article
- Live imaging of collagen deposition during experimental hepatic schistosomiasis and recovery: a view on a dynamic process.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2019Article
- Combinatorial targeting of XPO1 and FLT3 exerts synergistic anti-leukemia effects through induction of differentiation and apoptosis inHaematologica · 2018Article
- NFκB sensing IL-4 secreting mesenchymal stem cells mitigate the proinflammatory response of macrophages exposed to polyethylene wear particles.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2018Article
- Transplanted interleukin-4--secreting mesenchymal stromal cells show extended survival and increased bone mineral density in the murine femur.Cytotherapy · 2018Article
- The effects of conditioned media generated by polarized macrophages on the cellular behaviours of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2018Article
- Discovering Macrophage Functions UsingFrontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in tissue homeostasis as well as in a range of pathological conditions including atherosclerosis, cancer, and autoimmunity. Many aspects of their in vivo behavior are, however, poorly understood. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and firefly luciferase (FLUC) labelled autologous reporter macrophages could potentially offer a powerful tool to study macrophage biology, but this approach has been hindered by the relative difficulty of efficient gene transfer into primary macrophages. Here we describe a straightforward method for producing large numbers of GFP/FLUC expressing mouse primary macrophages utilizing lentivirus vector, cyclosporine, and a double infection strategy. Using this method we achieved up to 60% of macrophages to express GFP with correspondingly high FLUC signal. When injected into the circulation using a mouse model of local biomaterial induced inflammation and osteolysis, macrophages were initially detectable within the lungs, followed by systemic homing to the local area of chronic inflammation in the distal femur. In addition, transduced macrophages maintained their ability to assume M1 and M2 phenotypes although the GFP/FLUC expression was altered by the polarizing signals. These reporter macrophages could prove to be valuable tools to study the role of macrophages in health and disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.