Trial reportClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2016
Renal Scarring in the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) Trial.
Trial report in Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- The value of procalcitonin and urinary NGAL in the prediction of acute pyelonephritis and kidney scarring in pediatric patients with a history of febrile urinary tract infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of various treatment modalities in children with vesicoureteral reflux grades II-IV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMJ paediatrics open · 2023Pooled it
- Long-term antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Dexamethasone to prevent kidney scarring in acute pyelonephritis: a randomized clinical trial.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Trial
- Why Does Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection not Result in Less Renal Scarring? A Deeper Dive into the RIVUR Trial.The Journal of urology · 2019Trial
- Results of a Multicenter Population Pharmacokinetic Study of Ciprofloxacin in Children with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Trial
- Urinary periostin as a novel non-invasive biomarker for kidney scarring in pediatric vesicoureteral reflux patients.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Urinary tract infections in children.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- The utility of renal sonographic measurements as predictors of early vesicoureteral reflux outcomes.Journal of pediatric urology · 2026Article
- Beyond Reflux Grade: Long-Term Outcomes of Children with Grade 1 Vesicoureteral Reflux.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Urinary exosomal miR-132-3p as a novel non‑invasive biomarker for kidney scarring in pediatric vesicoureteral reflux patients.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Change in bladder capacity and prognostic predictors of post-transplant vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: a single-center retrospective cohort study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Multifactorial chronic kidney disease and the kidney capacity-workload balance.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Predictors of recurrence and renal scarring post-urinary tract infection among young febrile infants.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Patterns of damage observed on dimercaptosuccinic acid kidney scans and future risk of urinary tract infections or reduced kidney function.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Investigation of a targeted panel of gut microbiome-derived toxins in children with chronic kidney disease.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Swiss Consensus on Prenatal and Early Postnatal Urinary Tract Dilation: Practical Approach and When to Refer.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on urinary tract infection recurrence in children Rapid review.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThe main objectives of the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) trial were to evaluate the role of antimicrobial prophylaxis in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal scarring in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). We present a comprehensive evaluation of renal scarring outcomes in RIVUR trial participants. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: This multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 607 children aged 2-71 months with grade 1-4 VUR diagnosed after a first or second febrile or symptomatic UTI. Study participants received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or placebo and were followed for 2 years. Renal scarring was evaluated by baseline and follow-up (99m)technetium dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scans that were reviewed independently by two blinded reference radiologists.
resultsAt the end of the study, 58 (10%) of 599 children and 63 (5%) of 1197 renal units had renal scarring. New renal scarring did not differ between the prophylaxis and placebo groups (6% versus 7%, respectively). Children with renal scarring were significantly older (median age, 26 versus 11 months; P=0.01), had a second UTI before enrollment (odds ratio [OR], 2.85; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.38 to 5.92), were more likely to be Hispanic (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.13 to 4.34), and had higher grades of VUR (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.56 to 5.0). The proportion of new scars in renal units with grade 4 VUR was significantly higher than in units with no VUR (OR, 24.2; 95% CI, 6.4 to 91.2).
conclusionsSignificantly more renal scarring was seen in relatively older children and in those with a second episode of febrile or symptomatic UTI before randomization. Preexisting and new renal scars occurred significantly more in renal units with grade 4 VUR than in those with low-grade or no VUR. Antimicrobial prophylaxis did not decrease the risk of renal scarring.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.