SynthesisPloS one2015
With Reference to Reference Genes: A Systematic Review of Endogenous Controls in Gene Expression Studies.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 192 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
192 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- microRNA signatures associated with fetal growth restriction: a systematic review.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Selection of reference genes for quantitative PCR: identifying reference genes for airway epithelial cells exposed toAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2020Pooled it
- Abnormal expression of galectins and their correlation with fibrogenesis in adenomyosis.Cell adhesion & migration · 2026Article
- Identification of Reference Genes and Their Application in Analysis of Ginsenoside Biosynthesis Genes in American Ginseng Under Abiotic Stresses and Hormone Treatments.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fecal microbiota from chronically stressed donors transfers behavioral and prefrontal cortex gene expression alterations to healthy recipient mice.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Article
- Tissue-specific reference gene stability for qPCR in thermally conditioned quail embryos.Biological research · 2026Article
- Identification of condition-specific optimal reference genes for qPCR data normalisation in pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders).Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Matrix- and Differentiation Stage-Dependent Variability of Reference Genes: Rethinking Validation Strategies in 3T3-L1 Adipogenic Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Audiogenic Kindling Stimulation Fails to Induce Cerebral Overexpression of P-Glycoprotein and Limbic Crises in the GASH/Sal Model of Epilepsy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Native potential probiotics and postbiotics improve the gut-kidney axis by the modulation of autophagy signaling pathway.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Modulation of the miR-485-3p/PGC-1α Pathway by ASO-Loaded Nanoparticles Attenuates ALS Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Establishing Reference Genes for Pichia pastoris Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Analyses.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Advances in algorithms for normalizer gene selection in qRT-PCR: implications for cancer biology and precision medicine.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Article
- Validating the classics: Accurate reference gene panel for reliable RT-qPCR in Porifera.PloS one · 2026Article
- Identification and Validation of Tissue-Specific Housekeeping Markers for the Amazon River PrawnGenes · 2025Article
- Validation of Housekeeping Genes for Normalizing RNA Expression in Real-Time PCR in Tuberculomas and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- qPCR-Based Reference Gene Validation inCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Gene Expression of Feed Intake-Regulating Peptides in the Gut-Brain Axis of Laying Hens Housed Under Two Different Egg Production Systems.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
132 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The choice of reference genes that are stably expressed amongst treatment groups is a crucial step in real-time quantitative PCR gene expression studies. Recent guidelines have specified that a minimum of two validated reference genes should be used for normalisation. However, a quantitative review of the literature showed that the average number of reference genes used across all studies was 1.2. Thus, the vast majority of studies continue to use a single gene, with β-actin (ACTB) and/or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) being commonly selected in studies of vertebrate gene expression. Few studies (15%) tested a panel of potential reference genes for stability of expression before using them to normalise data. Amongst studies specifically testing reference gene stability, few found ACTB or GAPDH to be optimal, whereby these genes were significantly less likely to be chosen when larger panels of potential reference genes were screened. Fewer reference genes were tested for stability in non-model organisms, presumably owing to a dearth of available primers in less well characterised species. Furthermore, the experimental conditions under which real-time quantitative PCR analyses were conducted had a large influence on the choice of reference genes, whereby different studies of rat brain tissue showed different reference genes to be the most stable. These results highlight the importance of validating the choice of normalising reference genes before conducting gene expression studies.
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