ArticleMedicine2015
Predictive Symptoms and Signs of Laboratory-confirmed Influenza: A Prospective Surveillance Study of Two Metropolitan Areas in Taiwan.
Article in Medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- ERS/ESCMID state-of-the-science statement on the role of rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis and management of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.The European respiratory journal · 2026Review
- Beyond influenza-like-illness: data-driven syndromic surveillance for fine-scale monitoring of seasonal respiratory viruses.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Evaluation of COVID-19 and Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Case Definitions in a Prospective Cohort of Healthcare Personnel in Peru.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Influenza and Aging: Clinical Manifestations, Complications, and Treatment Approaches in Older Adults.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- A Novel Grammar-Based Approach for Patients' Symptom and Disease Diagnosis Information Dissemination to Maintain Confidentiality and Information Integrity.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Taiwanese Guidelines for Molecular Point-of-Care Testing for Influenza in Emergency Medicine From the New Diagnostic Technology Team of the Taiwan Society of Emergency Medicine.Journal of acute medicine · 2023Article
- 4'-Fluorouridine mitigates lethal infection with pandemic human and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- A novel data-driven methodology for influenza outbreak detection and prediction.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Perinatal Outcomes of Asynchronous Influenza Vaccination, Ceará, Brazil, 2013-2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Dangerous Pathogens as a Potential Problem for Public Health.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2020Review
- Does this patient have COVID-19? A practical guide for the internist.Internal and emergency medicine · 2020Review
- Overdiagnosis paradigm: not suitable for decreasing the overuse of antibiotics.BMJ evidence-based medicine · 2019Article
- Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenzaa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Effects of air pollutants on occurrences of influenza-like illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza in Hefei, China.International journal of biometeorology · 2019Article
- Revision of clinical case definitions: influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2018Article
- Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with diabetes: protocol for a nested case-control study.BMJ open · 2017Article
- School-based surveillance for influenza vaccine effectiveness during 2014-2015 seasons in Hong Kong.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza infection poses annual threats and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is the key to successful treatment. Laboratory-based diagnosis has various limitations. Diagnosis based on symptoms or signs is still indispensable in clinical practice. We investigated the symptoms or signs associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza.A prospective study across 2 influenza seasons was performed from June 2010 to June 2012 at 2 branches (Taipei and Lin-Kou) of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Patients who visited outpatient clinics with suspected acute respiratory tract infection were sampled by throat swab or nasopharyngeal swab. RT-PCR and/or virus culture were used as a reference standard. We used logistic regression to identify the symptoms or signs associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. We also evaluated the performance metrics of different influenza-like illness used in Taiwan, the USA, and WHO.A total of 158 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of influenza infection was 45% (71/158). Fever, cough, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal congestion were significant predictors for influenza infection. Whereas fever + cough had a best sensitivity (86%; confidence interval [CI] 76%-93%), fever + cough and sneezing had a best specificity (77%; CI 62%-88%). Different case definitions of influenza-like illness had comparable accuracy in sensitivity and specificity.Clinical diagnosis based on symptoms and signs is useful for allocating resources, identifying those who may benefit from early antiviral therapy and providing valuable information for surveillance purpose.
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Registered trials
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