ArticleBioTechniques2015
Into the depths: Techniques for in vitro three-dimensional microtissue visualization.
Article in BioTechniques, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Experimental workflow to evaluate nanoparticles combined with photon and carbon-ion medical irradiations in spheroids.Discover nano · 2026Article
- High-throughput histopathology for complex in vitro models.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Dual inhibition of mTOR and HSP90 enhances cisplatin efficacy and overcomes resistance in ovarian cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- MicroBundleCompute: Automated segmentation, tracking, and analysis of subdomain deformation in cardiac microbundles.PloS one · 2024Article
- Coplanar embedding of multiple 3D cell models in hydrogel towards high-throughput micro-histology.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Three-Dimensional Culture ofInsects · 2021Article
- An integrated framework for quantifying immune-tumour interactions in a 3D co-culture model.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Perspective: Extending the Utility of Three-Dimensional Organoids by Tissue Clearing Technologies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Influence ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Three-Dimensional Imaging for Multiplex Phenotypic Analysis of Pancreatic Microtumors Grown on a Minipillar Array Chip.Cancers · 2020Article
- Sample preparation strategies for high-throughput mass spectrometry imaging of primary tumor organoids.Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS · 2020Article
- Routine Optical Clearing of 3D-Cell Cultures: Simplicity Forward.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
- A novel human 3D lung microtissue model for nanoparticle-induced cell-matrix alterations.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2019Article
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Response of Dendritic Cell, Gingival Epithelial Keratinocyte, and T-Cell Transwell Co-Cultures Treated withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Impact of emerging, high-production-volume graphene-based materials on the bioavailability of benzo(a)pyrene to brine shrimp and fish liver cells.Environmental science. Nano · 2018Article
- Quantitative Live-Cell Confocal Imaging of 3D Spheroids in a High-Throughput Format.SLAS technology · 2018Article
- In vitro models of the cardiac microenvironment to study myocyte and non-myocyte crosstalk: bioinspired approaches beyond the polystyrene dish.The Journal of physiology · 2017Review
- A 3D fish liver model for aquatic toxicology: Morphological changes and Cyp1a induction in PLHC-1 microtissues after repeated benzo(a)pyrene exposures.Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2017Article
- Morphologic effects of estrogen stimulation on 3D MCF-7 microtissues.Toxicology letters · 2016Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) in vitro platforms have been shown to closely recapitulate human physiology when compared with conventional two-dimensional (2-D) in vitro or in vivo animal model systems. This confers a substantial advantage in evaluating disease mechanisms, pharmaceutical drug discovery, and toxicity testing. Despite the benefits of 3-D cell culture, limitations in visualization and imaging of 3-D microtissues present significant challenges. Here we optimized histology and microscopy techniques to overcome the constraints of 3-D imaging. For morphological assessment of 3-D microtissues of several cell types, different time points, and different sizes, a two-step glycol methacrylate embedding protocol for evaluating 3-D microtissues produced using agarose hydrogels improved resolution of nuclear and cellular histopathology characteristic of cell death and proliferation. Additional immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and in situ immunostaining techniques were successfully adapted to these microtissues and enhanced by optical clearing. Utilizing the Clear(T2) protocol greatly increased fluorescence signal intensity, imaging depth, and clarity, allowing for more complete confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging of these 3-D microtissues compared with uncleared samples. The refined techniques presented here address the key challenges associated with 3-D imaging, providing new and alternative methods in evaluating disease pathogenesis, delineating toxicity pathways, and enhancing the versatility of 3-D in vitro testing systems in pharmacological and toxicological applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.