Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26554037›Full record

ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2015

Early animal evolution and the origins of nervous systems.

Graham E Budd

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. An Increase in Animal Diversity was Facilitated by Ecologically-Driven Brain Complexity Throughout the Cambrian.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Evolution of Oligodendroglia and Myelin.Advances in neurobiology · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Towards the Idea of Molecular Brains.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021
    Review
  8. The chemical brain hypothesis for the origin of nervous systems.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Neural architecture and regeneration in the acoelProceedings. Biological sciences · 2020
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Modelling the effects of short and random proto-neural elongations.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2017
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Ecological innovations in the Cambrian and the origins of the crown group phyla.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016
    Article
  18. Early metazoan life: divergence, environment and ecology.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2015
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Introduction to 'Origin and evolution of the nervous system'.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2015
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Graham E BuddDepartment of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology Programme, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden graham.budd@pal.uu.se.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-4369

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the evolution of early nervous systems is hazardous because we lack good criteria for determining homology between the systems of distant taxa; the timing of the evolutionary events is contested, and thus the relevant ecological and geological settings for them are also unclear. Here I argue that no simple approach will resolve the first issue, but that it remains likely that animals evolved relatively late, and that their nervous systems thus arose during the late Ediacaran, in a context provided by the changing planktonic and benthic environments of the time. The early trace fossil provides the most concrete evidence for early behavioural diversification, but it cannot simply be translated into increasing nervous system complexity: behavioural complexity does not map on a one-to-one basis onto nervous system complexity, both because of possible limitations to behaviour caused by the environment and because we know that even organisms without nervous systems are capable of relatively complex behaviour.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionFossilsAnimalsBiodiversityEnvironmentNervous SystemCambrian explosionEdiacaranenvironmental changehomoplasynervous system evolution

Identifiers

PMID26554037
PMCPMC4650121

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.