ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2015
Carbohydrate Nutrition and Team Sport Performance.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Carbohydrate Intake on Different Parameters of Soccer Players' Performance: Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
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- Meta-Analysis of Carbohydrate Solution Intake during Prolonged Exercise in Adults: From the Last 45+ Years' Perspective.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Acute and Residual Soccer Match-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Pooled it
- Exercise with fasting or isotonic drink? A randomized controlled trial in youth elite basketball players.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effects of 30 days of ketogenic diet on body composition, muscle strength, muscle area, metabolism, and performance in semi-professional soccer players.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021Trial
- The Effects of Pre-Game Carbohydrate Intake on Running Performance and Substrate Utilisation during Simulated Gaelic Football Match Play.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Effects of high-carbohydrate versus mixed-macronutrient meals on female soccer physiology and performance.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Integrative Nutritional Strategies for Performance, Recovery, and Weight Management in Taekwondo.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Review
- Energy production pathways of female soccer players during championships: a metabolomics approach.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026Article
- Nutrition in CrossFit® - scientific evidence and practical perspectives: a systematic scoping review.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Article
- The Effect of an 8-Week Vegan Diet on the Nutritional Status and Performance of Semi-Professional Soccer Players-Results of the VegInSoc Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Is low-carbohydrate diet score associated with body composition and functional capacity in semi-professional adult soccer players?BMC research notes · 2025Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The common pattern of play in 'team sports' is 'stop and go', i.e. where players perform repeated bouts of brief high-intensity exercise punctuated by lower intensity activity. Sprints are generally 2-4 s long and recovery between sprints is of variable length. Energy production during brief sprints is derived from the degradation of intra-muscular phosphocreatine and glycogen (anaerobic metabolism). Prolonged periods of multiple sprints drain muscle glycogen stores, leading to a decrease in power output and a reduction in general work rate during training and competition. The impact of dietary carbohydrate interventions on team sport performance have been typically assessed using intermittent variable-speed shuttle running over a distance of 20 m. This method has evolved to include specific work to rest ratios and skills specific to team sports such as soccer, rugby and basketball. Increasing liver and muscle carbohydrate stores before sports helps delay the onset of fatigue during prolonged intermittent variable-speed running. Carbohydrate intake during exercise, typically ingested as carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions, is also associated with improved performance. The mechanisms responsible are likely to be the availability of carbohydrate as a substrate for central and peripheral functions. Variable-speed running in hot environments is limited by the degree of hyperthermia before muscle glycogen availability becomes a significant contributor to the onset of fatigue. Finally, ingesting carbohydrate immediately after training and competition will rapidly recover liver and muscle glycogen stores.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.