ArticleInfection and immunity2016
Global Changes in Mycoplasma gallisepticum Phase-Variable Lipoprotein Gene vlhA Expression during In Vivo Infection of the Natural Chicken Host.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recombinant subunit vaccine againstInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Update on novel, validly published, and included bacterial taxa derived from nondomestic animals and taxonomic revisions published in 2024.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Review
- Rationally designed Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine using a recombinant subunit approach.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Variability of pMGA/vlhA sequences among Mycoplasma gallisepticum field strains isolated from laying hens and their deformed eggs.Access microbiology · 2024Article
- Gene Silencing through CRISPR Interference in Mycoplasmas.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Glycyrrhizic Acid Therapeutic Effect and Safety inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Article
- A Computational Reverse Vaccinology Approach for the Design and Development of Multi-Epitopic Vaccine Against Avian PathogenFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Differential Response of the Chicken Trachea to Chronic Infection with Virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain Ap3AS and Vaxsafe MG (Strain ts-304): a Transcriptional Profile.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Mycoplasma gallisepticum triggers immune damage in the chicken thymus by activating the TLR-2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome.Veterinary research · 2020Article
- Combined Transcriptome Sequencing ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Transcriptional and Pathological Host Responses to Coinfection with Virulent or Attenuated Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus in Chickens.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Immunologic Pathways in Protective versus Maladaptive Host Responses to Attenuated and Pathogenic Strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Antagonistic Effects Of Baicalin OnInfection and drug resistance · 2019Article
- Baicalin AttenuatesInfection and drug resistance · 2019Article
- Variable Lipoprotein Hemagglutinin A Gene (Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Genome-wide detection of conservative site-specific recombination in bacteria.PLoS genetics · 2018Article
- Comparative Analysis ofFrontiers in genetics · 2018Article
- Resident Microbiome Disruption with Antibiotics Enhances Virulence of a Colonizing Pathogen.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Transcriptional Profiling of the Chicken Tracheal Response to Virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain RInfection and immunity · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the primary etiologic agent of chronic respiratory disease in poultry, a disease largely affecting the respiratory tract and causing significant economic losses worldwide. Immunodominant proteins encoded by members of the variable lipoprotein and hemagglutinin (vlhA) gene family are thought to be important for mechanisms of M. gallisepticum-host interaction, pathogenesis, and immune evasion, but their exact role and the overall nature of their phase variation are unknown. To better understand these mechanisms, we assessed global transcriptomic vlhA gene expression directly from M. gallisepticum populations present on tracheal mucosae during a 7-day experimental infection in the natural chicken host. Here we report differences in both dominant and minor vlhA gene expression levels throughout the first week of infection and starting as early as day 1 postinfection, consistent with a functional role not dependent on adaptive immunity for driving phase variation. Notably, data indicated that, at given time points, specific vlhA genes were similarly dominant in multiple independent hosts, suggesting a nonstochastic temporal progression of dominant vlhA gene expression in the colonizing bacterial population. The dominant expression of a given vlhA gene was not dependent on the presence of 12-copy GAA trinucleotide repeats in the promoter region and did not revert to the predominate vlhA gene when no longer faced with host pressures. Overall, these data indicate that vlhA phase variation is dynamic throughout the earliest stages of infection and that the pattern of dominant vlhA expression may be nonrandom and regulated by previously unrecognized mechanisms.
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