ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2016
Regulation of metabolism by the innate immune system.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 372 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
372 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The hepato-ovarian axis: genetic evidence for a causal association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Dual role of homocysteine in enhancing metabolic activity and suppressing inflammatory cytokines in murine immune cells.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction Is Emerging During Midlife Obesity.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Association of Intramuscular Fat Infiltration With Incident Venous Thromboembolism: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- The role of the peripheral immune system in mediating axonal dysfunction in early-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: An age- and sex-based analysis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Association of the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose (CTI) index and its central obesity-modified derivatives with incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity: results from two prospective cohorts in China and England.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- O-GlcNAcylation licenses RNF166 to degrade the M protein of porcine coronaviruses.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Visceral adipose tissue differentially affects tau and Aβ pathology in 3xTg-AD mice.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Adipocyte-specific FFA2 deletion leads to increased adipose inflammation and is associated with altered intestinal lipid handling in mice.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Innate immune signalling in the adipocyte.Journal of biochemistry · 2026Review
- Periodontitis Induces B Cell-Macrophage Crosstalk to Exacerbate Glucose Dysregulation in Obesity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Association between body roundness index trajectories and the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Apigenin attenuates obesity-associated hepatic dysfunction and fibrosis in rats: an integrated biochemical, histological, and ex vivo dielectric study.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- The predictive value of C-reactive protein-triglycerides-glucose index-waist-to-height ratio for stroke: a nationwide cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- The Dual Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Current understanding and advances regarding the adipose-immune-metabolic axis in disease tolerance during sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrating machine learning and immune infiltration analysis to identify core genes and construct a diagnostic model for type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- TyG index and mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a review of current evidence.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Association of metabolic score for visceral fat with cardiovascular risk and total mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: insights from ACCORD study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Schisantherin A interacts with gut bacteria to stimulate adipose tissue thermogenesis in obese mice via a TGR5‒p-CREB‒STAT6 signaling pathway.Nature communications · 2025Article
312 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low-grade tissue inflammation induced by obesity can result in insulin resistance, which in turn is a key cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cells of the innate immune system produce cytokines and other factors that impair insulin signalling, which contributes to the connection between obesity and the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we review the innate immune cells involved in secreting inflammatory factors in the obese state. In the adipose tissue, these cells include proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages and natural killer cells. We also discuss the role of innate immune cells, such as anti-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages, eosinophils, group 2 innate lymphoid cells and invariant natural killer T cells, in maintaining an anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitive environment in the lean state. In the liver, both Kupffer cells and recruited hepatic macrophages can contribute to decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity. Proinflammatory macrophages might also adversely affect insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle and pancreatic β-cell function. Finally, this Review provides an overview of the mechanisms for regulating proinflammatory immune responses that could lead to future therapeutic opportunities to improve insulin sensitivity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
26553134What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.