Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26551672›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2015

Genetic fine mapping and genomic annotation defines causal mechanisms at type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci.

Kyle J Gaulton, Teresa Ferreira, Yeji Lee, Anne Raimondo, Reedik Mägi, Michael E Reschen, Anubha Mahajan, Adam Locke, N William Rayner, Neil Robertson and 209 more

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 259 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
259citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
45.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

259 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 421 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Pooled it
  7. The CommonDiabetes · 2018
    Pooled it
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  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Article
  13. Synthetic Regulatory Genomics.Annual review of genomics and human genetics · 2026
    Review
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199 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

219 authors at 20 institutions in 17 countries.

Kyle J GaultonWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1318-7161
Teresa FerreiraWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Yeji LeeDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Anne RaimondoOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Reedik MägiEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Michael E ReschenCentre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Anubha MahajanWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Adam LockeDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
N William RaynerWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Neil RobertsonWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Robert A ScottMedical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Inga ProkopenkoGenomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Laura J ScottDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Todd GreenBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Thomas SparsoNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Dorothee ThuillierLille Institute of Biology, European Genomics Institute of Diabetes, Lille, France.
Loic YengoLille Institute of Biology, European Genomics Institute of Diabetes, Lille, France.
Harald GrallertResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Simone WahlResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Mattias FrånbergAtherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Rona J StrawbridgeAtherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Hans KestlerLeibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.
Himanshu ChhedaFinnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland.
Lewin EiseleInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany.
Stefan GustafssonDepartment of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Valgerdur SteinthorsdottirdeCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
Gudmar ThorleifssondeCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
Lu QiDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Lennart C KarssenDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Elisabeth M van LeeuwenDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Sara M WillemsMedical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Man LiDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Han ChenDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Christian FuchsbergerDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Phoenix KwanDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Clement MaDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Michael LindermanIcahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Yingchang LuGenetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Soren K ThomsenOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Jana K RundleOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nicola L BeerWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Martijn van de BuntWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Anil ChaliseyCentre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Hyun Min KangDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Benjamin F VoightDepartment of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Gonçalo R AbecasisDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Peter AlmgrenLund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science Malmo, Scania University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
Damiano BaldassarreCentro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.
Beverley BalkauINSERM Centre de Recherche Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP) U1018, Villejuif, France.
Rafn BenediktssonFaculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Matthias BlüherIntegrated Treatment and Research (IFB) Center for Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Heiner BoeingGerman Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany.
Lori L BonnycastleNational Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Erwin P BottingerCharles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Noël P BurttBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Jason CareyBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Guillaume CharpentierEndocrinology-Diabetology Unit, Corbeil-Essonnes Hospital, Corbeil-Essonnes, France.
Peter S ChinesNational Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Marilyn C CornelisDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
David J CouperCollaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Andrew T CrenshawBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Rob M van DamDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Alex S F DoneyDiabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK.
Mozhgan DorkhanLund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science Malmo, Novo Nordisk Scandinavia, Malmo, Sweden.
Sarah EdkinsWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Johan G ErikssonDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Tonu EskoEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Elodie EuryCNRS UMR 8199, Institute of Biology and Lille 2 University, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France.
João FadistaLund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science Malmo, Scania University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
Jason FlannickBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Pierre FontanillasBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Caroline FoxNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.
Paul W FranksDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Karl GertowAtherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Christian GiegerResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Bruna GiganteDivision of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Omri GottesmanCharles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
George B GrantBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Niels GrarupNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Christopher J GrovesOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Maija HassinenKuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.
Christian T HaveNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Christian HerderInstitute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Oddgeir L HolmenNord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
Astradur B HreidarssonLandspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Steve E HumphriesCardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
David J HunterDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Anne U JacksonDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Anna JonssonLund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science Malmo, Scania University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
Marit E JørgensenSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
Torben JørgensenResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Wen-Hong L KaoDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Nicola D KerrisonMedical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Leena KinnunenDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Norman KloppResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Augustine KongdeCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
Peter KovacsIntegrated Treatment and Research (IFB) Center for Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Peter KraftDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jasmina KravicLund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science Malmo, Scania University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
Cordelia LangfordWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Karin LeanderDivision of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Liming LiangDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Peter LichtnerInstitute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Cecilia M LindgrenWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Eero LindholmLund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science Malmo, Scania University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
Allan LinnebergResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ching-Ti LiuDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Stéphane LobbensCNRS UMR 8199, Institute of Biology and Lille 2 University, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France.
Jian'an LuanMedical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Valeriya LyssenkoLund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science Malmo, Scania University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
Satu MännistöDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Olga McLeodAtherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Julia MeyerInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Evelin MihailovEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Ghazala MirzaBiomedical Research Centre Genomics Core Facility, Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Guy's &St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
Thomas W MühleisenInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Martina Müller-NurasyidInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Carmen NavarroDepartment of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.
Markus M NöthenInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Nikolay N OskolkovLund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science Malmo, Scania University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
Katharine R OwenOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Domenico PalliCancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy.
Sonali PechlivanisInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany.
Leena PeltonenWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
John R B PerryMedical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Carl G P PlatouNord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
Michael RodenInstitute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Douglas RuderferDivision of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Denis RybinBoston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Yvonne T van der SchouwUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Bengt SennbladAtherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Gunnar SigurðssonLandspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Alena StančákováDepartment of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Gerald SteinbachDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Central Laboratory, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Petter StormLund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science Malmo, Scania University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
Konstantin StrauchInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Heather M StringhamDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Qi SunDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Barbara ThorandInstitute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Emmi TikkanenFinnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland.
Anke TonjesIntegrated Treatment and Research (IFB) Center for Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Joseph TrakaloWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Elena TremoliCentro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.
Tiinamaija TuomiFinnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland.
Roman WennauerDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Steven WiltshireWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Andrew R WoodGenetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Eleftheria ZegginiWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Ian DunhamEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK.
Ewan BirneyEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK.
Lorenzo PasqualiDivision of Endocrinology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.
Jorge FerrerDepartment of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Ruth J F LoosMedical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Josée DupuisDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jose C FlorezProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Eric BoerwinkleHuman Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
James S PankowDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Cornelia van DuijnDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Eric SijbrandsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
James B MeigsDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Frank B HuDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Unnur ThorsteinsdottirdeCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
Kari StefanssondeCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
Timo A LakkaKuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.
Rainer RauramaaKuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.
Michael StumvollIntegrated Treatment and Research (IFB) Center for Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Nancy L PedersenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lars LindDepartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
Sirkka M Keinanen-KiukaanniemiFaculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Eeva Korpi-HyövältiSouth Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinajoki, Finland.
Timo E SaaristoFinnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland.
Juha SaltevoDepartment of Medicine, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyvasklya, Finland.
Johanna KuusistoDepartment of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Markku LaaksoDepartment of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Andres MetspaluEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Raimund ErbelClinic of Cardiology, West German Heart Centre, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisdurg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Karl-Heinz JöckeInstitute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Susanne MoebusInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany.
Samuli RipattiWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Veikko SalomaaDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Erik IngelssonWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bernhard O BoehmDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Richard N BergmanDiabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Francis S CollinsNational Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Karen L MohlkeDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Heikki KoistinenDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Jaakko TuomilehtoDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Kristian HveemNord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
Inger NjølstadDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway.
Panagiotis DeloukasWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Peter J DonnellyWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Timothy M FraylingGenetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Andrew T HattersleyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
Ulf de FaireDivision of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Anders HamstenAtherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Thomas IlligResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Annette PetersInstitute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Stephane CauchiLille Institute of Biology, European Genomics Institute of Diabetes, Lille, France.
Rob SladekMontreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Philippe FroguelGenomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Torben HansenNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Oluf PedersenNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Andrew D MorrisUsher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Collin N A PalmerDiabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK.
Sekar KathiresanBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Olle MelanderLund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science Malmo, Scania University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
Peter M NilssonLund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science Malmo, Scania University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
Leif C GroopFinnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland.
Inês BarrosoWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Claudia LangenbergMedical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Nicholas J WarehamMedical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Christopher A O'CallaghanCentre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Anna L GloynWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
David AltshulerBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7250-4107
Michael BoehnkeDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Tanya M TeslovichDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Mark I McCarthyWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Andrew P MorrisWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) Consortium
Centre for Human Genetics · GBBroad Institute · USScania (Sweden) · SEUniversity of Michigan · USHelmholtz Zentrum München · DEUniversity of Cambridge · GBKarolinska Institutet · SEUniversity of Copenhagen · DKUniversity of Eastern Finland · FIUniversity of Oxford · GBdeCODE Genetics (Iceland) · ISErasmus MC · NLIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USBoston University · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USHarvard University · USIFB Adiposity Diseases · DEUniversity of Helsinki · FICentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FREuropean Genomic Institute for Diabetes · FR

Funding

Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (UL1)UL1RR025005 · NCRR · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FORD, DANIEL ERNEST · 2007 to 2011
$75.8M
Validity of Diet and Activity Measures in WomenP01CA055075 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI SMITH-WARNER, STEPHANIE A · 1991 to 2009
$41.8M
Genetic analysis of type II diabetes in Finnish populationZIAHG000024 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI ERDOS, MICHAEL · 2009 to 2025
$38.2M
Regional Pilot And Feasibility Study Grants ProgramP30DK020572 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Mehboob A Hussain · 2013 to 2026
$24.3M
Genome-Wide Association Analysis in Essential Hypertension (FEHGAS study)R01HL086694 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI ARAVINDA CHAKRAVARTI · 2007 to 2026
$21.2M
University of Michigan Training Program in Genomic ScienceT32HG000040 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Sebastian Zoellner · 1995 to 2026
$16.4M
Multiethnic Study of Type 2 Diabetes GenesU01DK085526 · NIDDK · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI ALTSHULER, DAVID, JABLONSKI, KATHLEEN ANN · 2009 to 2014
$15.7M
Epidemiology of Venous Thrombosis & Pulmonary EmbolismR01HL059367 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI TANG, WEIHONG · 1998 to 2024
$11.8M
Identifying Genes for Type 2 Diabetes: FUSIONU01DK062370 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI BOEHNKE, MICHAEL L, SCOTT, LAURA J. · 2009 to 2021
$11.6M
Targeted Genetic Analysis of T2D and Quantitative TraitsR01DK072193 · NIDDK · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI KAREN L. MOHLKE · 2005 to 2026
$11.3M
Genetic epidemiology of rare and regulatory variants for metabolic traitsR01DK093757 · NIDDK · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI KAREN L. MOHLKE · 2011 to 2026
$8.2M
BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC MARKERS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES RISKR01DK058845 · NIDDK · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI HU, FRANK B · 2001 to 2013
$7.8M
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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We performed fine mapping of 39 established type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci in 27,206 cases and 57,574 controls of European ancestry. We identified 49 distinct association signals at these loci, including five mapping in or near KCNQ1. 'Credible sets' of the variants most likely to drive each distinct signal mapped predominantly to noncoding sequence, implying that association with T2D is mediated through gene regulation. Credible set variants were enriched for overlap with FOXA2 chromatin immunoprecipitation binding sites in human islet and liver cells, including at MTNR1B, where fine mapping implicated rs10830963 as driving T2D association. We confirmed that the T2D risk allele for this SNP increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity in islet- and liver-derived cells. We observed allele-specific differences in NEUROD1 binding in islet-derived cells, consistent with evidence that the T2D risk allele increases islet MTNR1B expression. Our study demonstrates how integration of genetic and genomic information can define molecular mechanisms through which variants underlying association signals exert their effects on disease.

Indexed as

Chromosome MappingGenetic LociGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseBinding SitesCase-Control StudiesChromatin ImmunoprecipitationDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Gene Expression RegulationGenome-Wide Association StudyGenomicsHepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-betaHumansIslets of LangerhansLiverMolecular Sequence AnnotationPolymorphism, Single NucleotideFOXA2 protein, humanHepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-betaReceptor, Melatonin, MT2

Identifiers

PMID26551672
PMCPMC4666734
OpenAlexW2177538943

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.