ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2016
PEG modified liposomes containing CRX-601 adjuvant in combination with methylglycol chitosan enhance the murine sublingual immune response to influenza vaccination.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanoparticles in influenza research: a bibliometric analysis of global trends (2005 - 2025).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Targeting Inflammation-Oxidative Stress Crosstalk: Advances and Challenges in Nanocarrier-Based Interventional Strategies for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Correlations Between Rheology, In Situ Mucosal Retention and In Vivo Immunogenicity Reveal the Potential and Limitations of Mucoadhesive Excipients for Sublingual Vaccine Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Review: Current trends, challenges, and success stories in adjuvant research.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Strategies for fighting pandemic virus infections: Integration of virology and drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022Review
- Brief on Recent Application of Liposomal Vaccines for Lower Respiratory Tract Viral Infections: From Influenza to COVID-19 Vaccines.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Is the oral microbiome a source to enhance mucosal immunity against infectious diseases?NPJ vaccines · 2021Review
- Titrating Polyarginine into Nanofibers Enhances Cyclic-Dinucleotide AdjuvanticityACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2021Article
- A vaccine combination of lipid nanoparticles and a cholera toxin adjuvant derivative greatly improves lung protection against influenza virus infection.Mucosal immunology · 2021Article
- Engineered Nanoparticle Applications for Recombinant Influenza Vaccines.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Nanotechnological strategies for systemic microbial infections treatment: A review.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Enabling sublingual peptide immunization with molecular self-assemblies.Biomaterials · 2020Article
- Development of an Orodispersible Film Containing Stabilized Influenza Vaccine.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- Co-encapsulation of synthetic lipidated TLR4 and TLR7/8 agonists in the liposomal bilayer results in a rapid, synergistic enhancement of vaccine-mediated humoral immunity.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2019Article
- Liposomes used as a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system: From basics to clinical immunization.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2019Review
- Theranostics Aspects of Various Nanoparticles in Veterinary Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Lipid-Based Particles: Versatile Delivery Systems for Mucosal Vaccination against Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Cleavable PEGylation: a strategy for overcoming the "PEG dilemma" in efficient drug delivery.Drug delivery · 2017Review
- Current Demands for Food-Approved Liposome Nanoparticles in Food and Safety Sector.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- Mucosal vaccine delivery: Current state and a pediatric perspective.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The mucosa is the primary point of entry for pathogens making it an important vaccination site to produce a protective mucosal immune response. While the sublingual (SL) mucosa presents several barriers to vaccine penetration, its unique anatomy and physiology makes it one of the best options for mucosal vaccination. Efficient and directed delivery of adjuvants and antigens to appropriate immune mediators in the SL tissue will aid in development of effective SL vaccines against infectious diseases. Herein we demonstrate a robust immune response against influenza antigens co-delivered sublingually with engineered liposomes carrying the synthetic Toll-like receptor-4 agonist, CRX-601. Liposome modification with PEG copolymers (Pluronics), phospholipid-PEG conjugates and chitosan were evaluated for their ability to generate an immune response in a SL murine influenza vaccine model. Phospholipid-PEG conjugates were more effective than Pluronic copolymers in generating stable, surface neutral liposomes. SL vaccination with surface modified liposomes carrying CRX-601 adjuvant generated significant improvements in flu-specific responses compared with unmodified liposomes. Furthermore, the coating of modified liposomes with methylglycol chitosan produced the most effective flu-specific immune response. These results demonstrate efficient SL vaccine delivery utilizing a combination of a muco-adhesive and surface neutral liposomes to achieve a robust mucosal and systemic immune response.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.