ArticleNature biotechnology2015
Soft, stretchable, fully implantable miniaturized optoelectronic systems for wireless optogenetics.
Article in Nature biotechnology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 263 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
263 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Complications of epidural spinal stimulation: lessons from the past and alternatives for the future.Spinal cord · 2020Pooled it
- A wireless modular platform for neuro-behavioral recording and closed-loop manipulation in small animals.Nature methods · 2026Article
- Strain-insensitive wet-tissue-adhesive biphasic bioelectronics for physicochemical monitoring and adaptive therapy.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Miniscope Zero: a fully wireless, single-cell-resolution miniature microscope for imaging neural dynamics in freely behaving animals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Illuminating cancer therapy: The translational path of optogenetics.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- A monolithic fabrication platform for intrinsically stretchable polymer transistors and complementary circuits.Device · 2026Article
- Multidirectional strain-insensitive stretchable RF electronics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Smart contact lens-trained digital twin for device-free personalized uric acid prediction.Science advances · 2026Article
- Highly conductive and ultrarobust elastic conductors for stretchable electronics.Science advances · 2026Article
- Design guidelines for self-healing materials in soft electronics.Nano convergence · 2026Review
- A Review on Catalytic Nanostructured Electrodes for Wearable and Implantable Abiotic Glucose Fuel Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Real-Time Feedback Strategically Regulates Optoelectronics for Customized Optogenetic Spinal Cord Regeneration.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Article
- Soft, Flexible, and Stretchable Platforms for Tissue-Interfaced Bioelectronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared laser induces analgesia in rats.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Chronically implantable μLED arrays for optogenetic cortical surface stimulation in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Biodegradable Implantable Electronics with Wireless Technology for Real-Time Clinical Applications.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Technological advances in axonal regeneration and structural plasticity: optogenetics, single-cell omics, and tissue clearing.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Autonomous Polymer Frameworks for Sustainable Tissue-Interfaced Plastic Bioelectronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Far-field wireless power transmission module with MEMS-based laser steering for optogenetic applications.iScience · 2025Article
- Article
203 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Optogenetics allows rapid, temporally specific control of neuronal activity by targeted expression and activation of light-sensitive proteins. Implementation typically requires remote light sources and fiber-optic delivery schemes that impose considerable physical constraints on natural behaviors. In this report we bypass these limitations using technologies that combine thin, mechanically soft neural interfaces with fully implantable, stretchable wireless radio power and control systems. The resulting devices achieve optogenetic modulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. This is demonstrated with two form factors; stretchable film appliqués that interface directly with peripheral nerves, and flexible filaments that insert into the narrow confines of the spinal epidural space. These soft, thin devices are minimally invasive, and histological tests suggest they can be used in chronic studies. We demonstrate the power of this technology by modulating peripheral and spinal pain circuitry, providing evidence for the potential widespread use of these devices in research and future clinical applications of optogenetics outside the brain.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.