Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2015
Trial of Continuous or Interrupted Chest Compressions during CPR.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 95 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Trial Of Continuous Compressions Versus Standard CPR In Patients With Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Study on the Effectiveness of Continuous Compression-synchronous Ventilation (Bio-CPR) in the ACLS Stage of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ACLS) Based on the Bionic Concept to Explore the Best Mechanical Ventilation Strategy
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 303 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Public Approval of Exception From Informed Consent in Emergency Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review of Community Consultation Surveys.JAMA network open · 2019Pooled it
- Assessing heterogeneity of treatment effect analyses in health-related cluster randomized trials: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Advanced Cardiac Life Support: 2016 Singapore Guidelines.Singapore medical journal · 2017Guideline
- Continuous chest compression versus interrupted chest compression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation of non-asphyxial out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Adrenaline to improve survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the PARAMEDIC2 RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Two new chest compression methods might challenge the standard in a simulated infant model.European journal of pediatrics · 2019Trial
- Variations in the application of exception from informed consent in a multicenter clinical trial.Resuscitation · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Effects of intra-resuscitation antiarrhythmic administration on rearrest occurrence and intra-resuscitation ECG characteristics in the ROC ALPS trial.Resuscitation · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Compression-to-ventilation ratio and incidence of rearrest-A secondary analysis of the ROC CCC trial.Resuscitation · 2017Trial
- Effect of an interactive cardiopulmonary resuscitation assist device with an automated external defibrillator synchronised with a ventilator on the CPR performance of emergency medical service staff: a randomised simulation study.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2017Trial
- Design and implementation of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Pragmatic Airway Resuscitation Trial (PART).Resuscitation · 2016Trial
- Comparing chest compression quality in 1-min vs. 2-min rescuer rotations with and without audiovisual feedback guidance during full adult advance life support simulated scenarios: a randomized simulation study.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Defining thoracic impedance thresholds for rescue ventilation: a laboratory study.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Continuous ventilation versus 30:2 strategy in mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation - a manikin-based simulation study.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- The effects of continuous chest compression protocol on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality and fatigue.PloS one · 2026Article
- The effect of percutaneous coronary intervention after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival for out of hospital cardiac arrest: a causal inference analysis.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 15 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDuring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the interruption of manual chest compressions for rescue breathing reduces blood flow and possibly survival. We assessed whether outcomes after continuous compressions with positive-pressure ventilation differed from those after compressions that were interrupted for ventilations at a ratio of 30 compressions to two ventilations.
methodsThis cluster-randomized trial with crossover included 114 emergency medical service (EMS) agencies. Adults with non-trauma-related cardiac arrest who were treated by EMS providers received continuous chest compressions (intervention group) or interrupted chest compressions (control group). The primary outcome was the rate of survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included the modified Rankin scale score (on a scale from 0 to 6, with a score of ≤3 indicating favorable neurologic function). CPR process was measured to assess compliance.
resultsOf 23,711 patients included in the primary analysis, 12,653 were assigned to the intervention group and 11,058 to the control group. A total of 1129 of 12,613 patients with available data (9.0%) in the intervention group and 1072 of 11,035 with available data (9.7%) in the control group survived until discharge (difference, -0.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.5 to 0.1; P=0.07); 7.0% of the patients in the intervention group and 7.7% of those in the control group survived with favorable neurologic function at discharge (difference, -0.6 percentage points; 95% CI, -1.4 to 0.1, P=0.09). Hospital-free survival was significantly shorter in the intervention group than in the control group (mean difference, -0.2 days; 95% CI, -0.3 to -0.1; P=0.004).
conclusionsIn patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, continuous chest compressions during CPR performed by EMS providers did not result in significantly higher rates of survival or favorable neurologic function than did interrupted chest compressions. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ROC CCC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01372748.).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.