SynthesisJournal of the National Cancer Institute2016
Breast Cancer and Menopausal Hormone Therapy by Race/Ethnicity and Body Mass Index.
Synthesis in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Type and timing of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence.Lancet (London, England) · 2019Pooled it
- Digitalis Use and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Drug safety · 2017Pooled it
- Estrogen alone and health outcomes in black women by African ancestry: a secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2017Trial
- Genetic variants of glucose metabolism and exposure to smoking in African American breast cancer.Endocrine-related cancer · 2023Article
- Article
- Validating Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Models in the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II Biobank.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2020Article
- Body mass index, mammographic density, and breast cancer risk by estrogen receptor subtype.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2019Article
- Fruit and vegetable consumption and breast cancer incidence: Repeated measures over 30 years of follow-up.International journal of cancer · 2019Article
- Race, Menopausal Hormone Therapy, and Invasive Breast Cancer in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2018Article
- Article
- Risk Factors That Increase Risk of Estrogen Receptor-Positive and -Negative Breast Cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2017Article
- Reproductive factors, hormones and colorectal cancer-still unresolved.British journal of cancer · 2017Article
- Tailoring Breast Cancer Screening Intervals by Breast Density and Risk for Women Aged 50 Years or Older: Collaborative Modeling of Screening Outcomes.Annals of internal medicine · 2016Article
- Fruit and vegetable consumption in adolescence and early adulthood and risk of breast cancer: population based cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2016Article
- Women on Hormone Therapy with Ischemic Stroke, Effects on Deficits and Recovery.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery & psychiatry researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In analyses combining estrogen with or without progestin, some observational studies describe minimal breast cancer risk in obese and black women. Therefore, we examined these suggested interactions in the two Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized hormone therapy trials. The estrogen plus progestin trial entered 16 608 postmenopausal women with a uterus, while the estrogen trial entered 10 736 postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy. Hazard ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and P values from log-rank x(2) statistics were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models with subgroup analyses based on tests of interaction. All statistical tests were two-sided. Estrogen plus progestin statistically significantly increased breast cancer incidence (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.48, P < .001), with hazard ratios greater than 1 in all body mass index (BMI) subgroups (P interaction = .58) and hazard ratios greater than 1 in black and white women (P interaction = .96). In contrast, estrogen alone statistically significantly decreased breast cancer incidence (HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65 to 0.90, P = .02), with hazard ratios lower than 1 in all BMI subgroups (P interaction = .86) and hazard ratios lower than 1 in black and white women, where analyses with limited numbers suggest somewhat greater reduction in black women (P interaction = .09). In summary, estrogen plus progestin and estrogen alone have opposite effects on breast cancer incidence, with no statistically significant interactions by race/ethnicity or BMI. Therefore, observational studies should not combine these two regimens when examining breast cancer risk.
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