SynthesisSleep medicine reviews2016
Delayed school start times and adolescent sleep: A systematic review of the experimental evidence.
Synthesis in Sleep medicine reviews, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 324 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delayed school start times to improve sleep duration and mitigate depression in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Sleep Health Promotion Interventions and Their Effectiveness: An Umbrella Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- A one-hour delayed school start improves sleep, sleepiness and inhibitory control in early adolescents in a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Reinforcing sleep education with behavioral change strategies: intervention effects on sleep timing, sleep duration, and academic performance.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Challenges in implementing and assessing outcomes of school start time change in the UK: experience of the Oxford Teensleep study.Sleep medicine · 2019Trial
- Not coping with stress and screen-time: mixed methods.International journal of circumpolar health · 2026Article
- Insufficient Sleep Syndrome in Children and Adolescents.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Sleepy aggression: examining the interrelationships and mechanisms between sleep quality and aggressive behavior.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Sleep disturbance and daytime functional impairment among adolescent outpatients with depression and non-suicidal self-injury.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Domino effect of evening chronotype: How chronotype topples adolescent mental health through sleep and social functioning.World journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Real-World Effects of Melanopic-Enhanced Classroom Lighting on Sleep, Mood, and Cognition in Male Korean Adolescents: A Field-Based Pilot Study.Clocks & sleep · 2026Article
- Sleep, Emotion, and Sex-Specific Developmental Trajectories in Childhood and Adolescence.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Short sleep, lifestyle, cardiovascular risk, and health awareness among Polish final-year secondary school students: findings from a nationwide study.Frontiers in sleep · 2026Article
- Article
- Trends in sleep patterns among Czech adolescents and their current correlates of late bedtimes and social jet lag: HBSC study 2014-2022.Central European journal of public health · 2025Article
- From short-term benefits to developmental adaptation: effect trajectory and developmental implications of transdiagnostic sleep and circadian intervention in youth.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Article
- Examining the impact of early life adversity on adolescent sleep health: Findings from the ABCD study.Child protection and practice · 2025Article
- Comparing the Effects of Adequate and Insufficient Sleep on the Mental Health, Behavioral Outcomes, and Daily Lives of South Korean Adolescents.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many schools have instituted later morning start times to improve sleep, academic, and other outcomes in response to the mismatch between youth circadian rhythms and early morning start times. However, there has been no systematic synthesis of the evidence on the effects of this practice. To examine the impact of delayed school start time on students' sleep, health, and academic outcomes, electronic databases were systematically searched and data were extracted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Six studies satisfied selection criteria and used pre-post, no control (n = 3), randomized controlled trial (n = 2), and quasi-experimental (n = 1) designs. School start times were delayed 25-60 min, and correspondingly, total sleep time increased from 25 to 77 min per weeknight. Some studies revealed reduced daytime sleepiness, depression, caffeine use, tardiness to class, and trouble staying awake. Overall, the evidence supports recent non-experimental study findings and calls for policy that advocates for delayed school start time to improve sleep. This presents a potential long-term solution to chronic sleep restriction during adolescence. However, there is a need for rigorous randomized study designs and reporting of consistent outcomes, including objective sleep measures and consistent measures of health and academic performance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.