Observational studyAIDS (London, England)2015
The risk of viral rebound in the year after delivery in women remaining on antiretroviral therapy.
Observational study in AIDS (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Retention in care among women with HIV: A systematic review of treatment continuity during pregnancy and postpartum.HIV medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Integration of postpartum healthcare services for HIV-infected women and their infants in South Africa: A randomised controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2018Trial
- Implementation and Operational Research: Impact of a Systems Engineering Intervention on PMTCT Service Delivery in Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Mozambique: A Cluster Randomized Trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Trial
- Perinatal HIV in Europe: Clinical Advances and Psychosocial Challenges-A Scoping Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Drivers of Vertical HIV Transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Targeted and Universal Lenacapavir Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Changes in characteristics and HIV-clinical outcomes of pregnant people living with HIV in the UK.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Investigating the Pregnancy and Post-Partum Health Experiences of Women Living with HIV.Maternal and child health journal · 2024Article
- Viral suppression and retention in HIV care during the postpartum period among women living with HIV: a longitudinal multicenter cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Article
- Considerations for select transitions of care for people with HIV: adolescent to adult, prison to society and the postpartum period.Drugs in context · 2022Article
- Antiretroviral Adherence, Elevated Viral Load, and Drug Resistance Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Women Initiating Treatment in Pregnancy: A Nested Case-control Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Receipt of opioid agonist treatment halves the risk of HIV-1 RNA viral load rebound through improved ART adherence for HIV-infected women who use illicit drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- HIV-free survival among breastfed infants born to HIV-positive women in northern Uganda: a facility-based retrospective study.The Pan African medical journal · 2020Article
- What is new in perinatal HIV prevention?Current opinion in pediatrics · 2018Review
- Viraemia before, during and after pregnancy in HIV-infected women on antiretroviral therapy in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 2010-2015.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2018Article
- 24-month HIV-free survival among infants born to HIV-positive women enrolled in Option B+ program in Kigali, Rwanda: The Kabeho Study.Medicine · 2017Article
- Timing of pregnancy, postpartum risk of virologic failure and loss to follow-up among HIV-positive women.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- Frequency of Viremic Episodes in HIV-Infected Women Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy During Pregnancy: A Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
- High Proportion of Deaths Attributable to HIV Among Postpartum Women in Botswana Despite Widespread Uptake of Antiretroviral Therapy.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the risk of viral rebound in postpartum women on suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).
methodsUsing data from the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) study and the UK and Ireland National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood (NSHPC), women with HIV-RNA 50 copies/ml or less at delivery in 2006-2011, who started life-long cART during pregnancy (n = 321) or conceived on cART (n = 618), were matched by age, duration on cART and time period, with at least one control (non-postpartum). The cumulative probability of viral rebound (HIV-RNA >200 copies/ml) was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis; adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for the 0-3 and 3-12 months postdelivery (cases)/pseudo-delivery (controls) were calculated in Cox proportional hazards models.
resultsIn postpartum women who conceived on cART, 5.9% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4.0-7.7] experienced viral rebound by 3 months, and 2.2% (1.4-3.0%) of their controls. The risk of viral rebound was higher in postpartum women than in controls during the first 3 months [aHR 2.63 (1.58-4.39)] but not during the 3-12 months postdelivery/pseudo-delivery. In postpartum women who started cART during pregnancy, 27% (22-32%) experienced viral rebound by 3 months, and 3.0% (1.6-4.4%) of their controls. The risk of viral rebound was higher in postpartum women than in controls during both postdelivery/pseudo-delivery periods [<3 months: aHR 6.63 (3.58-12.29); 3-12 months: aHR 4.05 (2.03-8.09)].
conclusionIn women on suppressive cART, the risk of viral rebound is increased following delivery, especially in the first 3 months, which may be related to reduced adherence, indicating the need for additional adherence support for postpartum women.
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