ReviewSubstance abuse and rehabilitation2015
Emerging drugs of abuse: current perspectives on synthetic cannabinoids.
Review in Substance abuse and rehabilitation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uncovering the Metabolic Footprint of New Psychoactive Substances by Metabolomics: A Systematic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- In vitro and in vivo metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoid FUB-144: comprehensive phase I and II profiling using UHPLC-HRMS.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Detection of drugs of abuse: evolving analytical strategies and emerging challenges.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
- Fast and reliable in vitro activity-based detection of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in e-liquids.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Identification and chemical structure elucidation of synthetic cannabinoids samples seized in Kuwait during 2019-2023 using GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy.Forensic sciences research · 2025Article
- Review
- Activity-based detection of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in plant materials.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Investigation of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), Other Illicit Drugs, and Drug-Related Compounds in a Taiwanese Wastewater Sample Using High-Resolution Mass-Spectrometry-Based Targeted and Suspect Screening.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Toxicity of Synthetic Cannabinoids in K2/Spice: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Monitoring Perfusion Index in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department Due to Drug Use.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Fourth generation of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists: a summary on the latest insights.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Article
- Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, an effective tool for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids in oral fluid by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2021Article
- Review
- Synthetic cannabinoid CP-55,940 induces apoptosis in a human skeletal muscle model via regulation of CBArchives of toxicology · 2021Article
- Article
- Detection of a New Tert-Leucinate Synthetic Cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA and Its Metabolites in Human Hair: Application to Authentic Cases.Frontiers in chemistry · 2020Article
- Personality Traits and Psychotic Proneness Among Chronic Synthetic Cannabinoid Users.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Cannabinoids in cancer treatment: Therapeutic potential and legislation.Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences · 2019Review
- Epigenetic Effects of Drugs of Abuse.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Review
- New approaches and challenges to targeting the endocannabinoid system.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
New psychoactive drugs that have appeared over the last decade are typically dominated by cathinones and synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). SCs have been emerging as recreational drugs because they mimic the euphoria effect of cannabis while still being legal. Sprayed on natural herb mixtures, SCs have been primarily sold as "herbal smoking blends" or "herbal incense" under brand names like "Spice" or "K2". Currently, SCs pure compounds are available from websites for the combination with herbal materials or for the use in e-cigarettes. For the past 5 years, an ever increasing number of compounds, representative of different chemical classes, have been promoted and now represent a large assortment of new popular drugs of abuse, which are difficult to properly identify. Their legal status varies by country with many government institutions currently pushing for their control. The in vitro binding to CB1/CB2 receptors is usually well-known and considerable differences have been found in the CB1 versus CB2 selectivity and potency within the different SCs, with several structure-activity relations being evident. Desired effects by CB1 agonist users are relaxation/recreative, however, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or psychiatric/neurological side effects are commonly reported. At present there is no specific antidote existing if an overdose of designer drugs was to occur, and no curative treatment has been approved by health authorities. Management of acute toxic effects is mainly symptomatic and extrapolated from experience with cannabis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.