ArticleMalaria journal2015
Malaria, anaemia and under-nutrition: three frequently co-existing conditions among preschool children in rural Rwanda.
Article in Malaria journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complex interactions between malaria and malnutrition: a systematic literature review.BMC medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Impact of Biannual Azithromycin on Anemia in Preschool Children in Kilosa District, Tanzania: A Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Trial
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- The double burden: co-occurrence of malaria and anaemia in children under five in Ghana - a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Inequity in the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets before and after nationwide mass distribution campaign in 48 districts of Uganda: VERSE toolkit analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Exploring the prevalence and association between nutritional status and asymptomatic malaria in Rwanda among under-5 children: a cross-sectional analysis.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Impact of Marasmic Malnutrition on Visceral Leishmaniasis: Progression and Treatment Efficacy in a Murine Model.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Under-5 Malaria and Fever Morbidities as Correlates of Anaemia in Niger: A Heteroscedasticity-Consistent Ordered Probit Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in Plasmodium falciparum infection risk in Southern Malawi: mediation analyses.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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- Malaria prevalence and use of control measures in an area with persistent transmission in Senegal.PloS one · 2024Article
- Modeling the shared risks of malaria and anemia in Rwanda.PloS one · 2024Article
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- Plasmodium falciparum infection and disease in infancy associated with increased risk of malaria and anaemia in childhood.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Revisiting PINI Scoring in Light of Recent Biological Advances.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Malaria amongst children under five in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review of prevalence, risk factors and preventive interventions.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMalaria, anaemia and under-nutrition are three highly prevalent and frequently co-existing diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality particularly among children aged less than 5 years. Currently, there is paucity of conclusive studies on the burden of and associations between malaria, anaemia and under-nutrition in Rwanda and comparable sub-Saharan and thus, this study measured the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia, anaemia and under-nutrition among preschool age children in a rural Rwandan setting and evaluated for interactions between and risk determinants for these three conditions.
methodsA cross-sectional household (HH) survey involving children aged 6-59 months was conducted. Data on malaria parasitaemia, haemoglobin densities, anthropometry, demographics, socioeconomic status (SES) and malaria prevention knowledge and practices were collected.
resultsThe prevalences of malaria parasitaemia and anaemia were 5.9 and 7.0 %, respectively, whilst the prevalence of stunting was 41.3 %. Malaria parasitaemia risk differed by age groups with odds ratio (OR) = 2.53; P = 0.04 for age group 24-35 months, OR = 3.5; P = 0.037 for age group 36-47 months, and OR = 3.03; P = 0.014 for age group 48-60 months, whilst a reduced risk was found among children living in high SES HHs (OR = 0.37; P = 0.029). Risk of anaemia was high among children aged ≥12 months, those with malaria parasitaemia (OR = 3.86; P ≤ 0.0001) and children living in HHs of lower SES. Overall, under-nutrition was not associated with malaria parasitaemia. Underweight was higher among males (OR = 1.444; P = 0.019) and children with anaemia (OR = 1.98; P = 0.004).
conclusionsIn this study group, four in 10 and one in 10 children were found stunted and underweight, respectively, in an area of low malaria transmission. Under-nutrition was not associated with malaria risk. While the high prevalence of stunting requires urgent response, reductions in malaria parasitaemia and anaemia rates may require, in addition to scaled-up use of insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual insecticide spraying, improvements in HH SES and better housing to reduce risk of malaria.
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