ArticleThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2016
Direct medical costs attributable to type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study in Catalonia, Spain.
Article in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Improving type 2 diabetes mellitus glycaemic control through lifestyle modification implementing diet intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Nurse-Led Telephone Program for Nonadherent to Treatment Type 2 Diabetics With Comorbid Depression: A Cost-Consequence and Budget Impact Analysis.Journal of nursing management · 2024Trial
- Pharmacoeconomic analysis (CER) of Dulaglutide and Liraglutide in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Basal Insulin Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Routine Clinical Practice in Spain: Clinical and Economic Impact.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Article
- Estimating the Clinical, Quality-of-Life and Economic Impact of Optimized Management of Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Spain.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Missed opportunities in diabetes care: unraveling therapeutic inertia and its predictors in resource-limited settings.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2025Article
- A Data-Driven Approach for Estimating Type 2 Diabetes-Related Costs in Greece.Journal of market access & health policy · 2025Article
- Comparison of costs related to health services in two groups of patients with diabetic foot ulcer and patients without this complication: a matched cohort study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Diabetes diagnosis based on glucose control levels and time until diagnosis: a regression discontinuity approach to assess the effect on direct healthcare costs.Health economics review · 2025Article
- Investigating the Association Between Family Socioeconomic Profile and Diabetes Control in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study From Sudan.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- Tight and early HbAFrontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Cost of cardiovascular disease events in patients with and without type 2 diabetes and factors influencing cost: a retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Disease and Economic Burden of Poor Metabolic and Weight Control in Type 2 Diabetes in Spain: A Systematic Literature Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Review
- Glial cell alterations in diabetes-induced neurodegeneration.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- Cost-Utility of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring versus Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in People with Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes in Spain.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2024Article
- Assessing the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Primary Care Socio-Ecological Approach to Improve Physical Activity Adherence among People with Type 2 Diabetes: The SENWI Project.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- GLP-1 RAs in Spain: A Short Narrative Review of Their Use in Real Clinical Practice.Advances in therapy · 2023Review
- Cost of illness of non-communicable diseases in private and public health facilities in Nigeria: a qualitative and quantitative approach.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Article
- Trends in hospitalization of patients with diabetes mellitus in Ghana from 2012 to 2017 with predictions to 2032.International health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We estimated healthcare costs associated with patients with type 2 diabetes compared with non-diabetic subjects in a population-based primary care database through a retrospective analysis of economic impact during 2011, including 126,811 patients with type 2 diabetes in Catalonia, Spain. Total annual costs included primary care visits, hospitalizations, referrals, diagnostic tests, self-monitoring test strips, medication, and dialysis. For each patient, one control matched for age, gender and managing physician was randomly selected from a population database. The annual average cost per patient was €3110.1 and €1803.6 for diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, respectively (difference €1306.6; i.e., 72.4 % increased cost). The costs of hospitalizations were €1303.1 and €801.6 (62.0 % increase), and medication costs were €925.0 and €489.2 (89.1 % increase) in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, respectively. In type 2 diabetic patients, hospitalizations and medications had the greatest impact on the overall cost (41.9 and 29.7 %, respectively), generating approximately 70 % of the difference between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Patients with poor glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin >7 %; >53 mmol/mol) had average costs of €3296.5 versus €2848.5 for patients with good control. In the absence of macrovascular complications, average costs were €3008.1 for diabetic and €1612.4 for non-diabetic subjects, while its presence increased costs to €4814.6 and €3306.8, respectively. In conclusion, the estimated higher costs for type 2 diabetes patients compared with non-diabetic subjects are due mainly to hospitalizations and medications, and are higher among diabetic patients with poor glycaemic control and macrovascular complications.
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