ArticleEuropean journal of immunology2016
TGF-β induces the differentiation of human CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells.
Article in European journal of immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond B cell helpers: diverse roles of peripheral helper T cells.International immunology · 2026Review
- Identification and characterization of CXCL13 producers in bone tissue in response to fasting.International immunology · 2026Article
- IL-2 silencing enables Tfh cell expansion during vaccination but is redundant for antibody production.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- The CNS Meninges and the Synovial Joint: Parallel Immunological Structures in Autoimmune Disease.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Investigate the heterogeneity of colorectal cancer patients at the single-cell level prior to and subsequent to immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Mature tertiary lymphoid structures linked to HPV status and anti-PD-1 based chemoimmunotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive tumor-immune profiling reveals mediators of paradoxical immune sensitivity in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma.Cancer cell · 2025Article
- Distribution of Ectopic Germinal Centers in Thymic Epithelial Tumors and Their Relationship With Thymic Involution.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Tissue-Resident T Cells That Promote Humoral Immunity: Emerging From the Shadow of T Follicular Helper Cells.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Crosstalk between T cells and fibroblasts in biomaterial-mediated fibrosis.Matrix biology plus · 2025Review
- B-cell signatures characterize the immune landscape and predict LUAD prognosis via the integration of scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Role of CD4Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Interferon disrupts immune and tissue homeostasis in SLE via CXCL13.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Article
- Homeostatic signals, including IL-7 and self-MHC recognition, induce the development of peripheral helper T cells, which are enriched in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2024Article
- CXCL13: a common target for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Cutting Edge: Low-dose Recombinant IL-2 Treatment Prevents Autoantibody Responses in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus via Regulatory T Cell-independent Depletion of T Follicular Helper Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Occurrence and role of Tph cells in various renal diseases.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Review
- Article
- Non-coding autoimmune risk variant defines role for ICOS in T peripheral helper cell development.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Peripheral helper T cells, mavericks of peripheral immune responses.International immunology · 2024Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the ectopic lymphoid-like structures present in chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, a subset of human effector memory CD4(+) T cells that lacks features of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells produces CXCL13. Here, we report that TGF-β induces the differentiation of human CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells from naïve CD4(+) T cells. The TGF-β-induced CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells do not express CXCR5, B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), and other Tfh-cell markers. Furthermore, expression levels of CD25 (IL-2Rα) in CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells are significantly lower than those in FoxP3(+) in vitro induced Treg cells. Consistent with this, neutralization of IL-2 and knockdown of STAT5 clearly upregulate CXCL13 production by CD4(+) T cells, while downregulating the expression of FoxP3. Furthermore, overexpression of FoxP3 in naïve CD4(+) T cells downregulates CXCL13 production, and knockdown of FoxP3 fails to inhibit the differentiation of CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells. As reported in rheumatoid arthritis, proinflammatory cytokines enhance secondary CXCL13 production from reactivated CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells. Our findings demonstrate that CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells lacking Tfh-cell features differentiate via TGF-β signaling but not via FoxP3, and exert their function in IL-2-limited but TGF-β-rich and proinflammatory cytokine-rich inflammatory conditions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.