ReviewProgress in retinal and eye research2016
Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin: The basic and clinical science underlying carotenoid-based nutritional interventions against ocular disease.
Review in Progress in retinal and eye research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 252 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Validation of a Lutein and Zeaxanthin Food Frequency Questionnaire, and an Electronic Device Use Questionnaire.
Lutein Absorption Consumed as Supplement, Blended Food, or Wholefood Over 24-hours.
Who cites it
252 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 526 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative stress-related biomarkers as promising indicators of inflammatory bowel disease activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Redox biology · 2024Pooled it
- Passion fruit (Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Diet and ideal food pyramid to prevent or support the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of Long-Term Supplementation withNutrients · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Systemic Effects of Prenatal Carotenoid Supplementation in the Mother and her Child: The Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) Randomized Trial -Report Number 1.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Effect of an antioxidant supplement containing high dose lutein and zeaxanthin on macular pigment and skin carotenoid levels.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Visual cycle-derived bisretinoids as endogenous natural products: enzyme-free formation, photochemical reactivity, and retinal degeneration.Natural product reports · 2026Review
- Protective effects ofHistology and histopathology · 2026Article
- Lute-GenAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The effects of lutein, zeaxanthin and anthocyanins supplementation on visual function and vision protection in healthy school-aged children: a single-center prospective randomized controlled study.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2026Article
- From Monomers to Aggregates: The Influence of Redox State and Structure on the First Excited States of Eumelanin and Pheomelanin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Screening and Validation of Q-Markers for Daodi Authenticity ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bioactive potential of biomass and lipids of halophilic cyanobacterium and microalgae.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
192 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The human macula uniquely concentrates three carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin must be obtained from dietary sources such as green leafy vegetables and orange and yellow fruits and vegetables, while meso-zeaxanthin is rarely found in diet and is believed to be formed at the macula by metabolic transformations of ingested carotenoids. Epidemiological studies and large-scale clinical trials such as AREDS2 have brought attention to the potential ocular health and functional benefits of these three xanthophyll carotenoids consumed through the diet or supplements, but the basic science and clinical research underlying recommendations for nutritional interventions against age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases are underappreciated by clinicians and vision researchers alike. In this review article, we first examine the chemistry, biochemistry, biophysics, and physiology of these yellow pigments that are specifically concentrated in the macula lutea through the means of high-affinity binding proteins and specialized transport and metabolic proteins where they play important roles as short-wavelength (blue) light-absorbers and localized, efficient antioxidants in a region at high risk for light-induced oxidative stress. Next, we turn to clinical evidence supporting functional benefits of these carotenoids in normal eyes and for their potential protective actions against ocular disease from infancy to old age.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.