ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2015
Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota.
8 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 8 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,000 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2,000citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
97.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
NCT02681302 phase1 / phase2terminatednot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation
Phase Ib-IIA Study of Combined Check Point Inhibition After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients at High Risk for Post-transplant Recurrence
Phase I Study of Single-agent and Combined Checkpoint Inhibition After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients at High Risk for Post-transplant Recurrence
A Phase II Trial of the Anti -PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) + Lenalidomide + Dexamethasone as Post Autologous Transplant Consolidation in Patients With High-risk Multiple Myeloma
Microbiome Changes in Severe Burns
NCT03918252 phase2active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation
Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Resectable Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
NCT05000710 phase2active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation
Single Arm Phase II, Multicenter Study of Concomitant Radiotherapy, Tremelimumab and Durvalumab (MEDI4736) for Metastatic or Locally Advanced NSCLC Patients Progressing on First-line Immunotherapy
A Pilot Study Evaluating a Ketogenic Diet Concomitant to Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Presurgical Treatment With Ribociclib and Letrozole in Patients With Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: the NEOLETRIB Study.
Who cites it
2,000 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3,336 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiome impact on systemic therapy outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review.World journal of urology · 2026Pooled it
- Modulating the gut microbiome to enhance cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis of probiotics and FMT as adjuncts.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Research landscape, thematic evolution, and translational insights of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: a bibliometric analysis (2006-2025).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Bibliometric analysis of the trends in research on the link between gut microbiota and pancreatic cancer.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Worldwide research trends on theFrontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Global research trends and emerging frontiers of gut microbiota-drug interactions: a bibliometric and visualization analysis (2003-2025).Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Functional convergence amid taxonomic variability in gut microbiome-immune checkpoint inhibitor research: a bibliometric and mechanistic synthesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in solid cancers resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors: results of the MITRIC trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
- Fecal microbiota transplantation plus immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma: the phase 2 FMT-LUMINate trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Fecal microbiota transplantation plus pembrolizumab and axitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the randomized phase 2 TACITO trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Killing cancer takes guts: lessons learned from the manipulation of gut microbiome and immunotherapy for the future of urothelial carcinoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Leveraging the bacteria for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: from a perspective of synthetic biology.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- The impact of gut microbiota and metabolite-driven immune cell spatiotemporal dynamics on tumors.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The role of gut microbiome in aging-associated diseases: where do we stand now and how technology will transform the future.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Unlocking the therapeutic potential of immuno-radiotherapy: insights from preclinical and clinical research.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Microbiota as a modulator of drug response: targeting microbial-drug crosstalk in cancer therapy.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gene-level gut microbiome signatures as predictive biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors across multiple cancer types.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Microbiome interactions in renal cell carcinoma: evidence, challenges and opportunities.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Disentangling microbiota-dependent and -independent impacts of antibiotics on host physiology.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota associate with disease severity and survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
1,940 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
38 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Marie VétizouInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
Jonathan M PittInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
Romain DaillèreInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
Patricia LepageInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Micalis-UMR1319, 78360 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Nadine WaldschmittUniversity of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), F-59000 Lille, France.
Caroline FlamentInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France.
Sylvie RusakiewiczInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France.
Bertrand RoutyInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France.
Maria P RobertiInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France.
Connie P M DuongInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France.
Vichnou Poirier-ColameInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France.
Antoine RouxInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Sonia BecharefInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France.
Silvia FormentiDepartment of Radiation Oncology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Encouse GoldenDepartment of Radiation Oncology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Sascha CordingMicroenvironment and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Gerard EberlMicroenvironment and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Andreas SchlitzerSingapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
Florent GinhouxSingapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
Sridhar ManiDepartment of Genetics and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
Takahiro YamazakiInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France.
Nicolas JacquelotInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
David P EnotInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. Metabolomics Platform, GRCC, Villejuif, France.
Marion BérardAnimalerie Centrale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Jérôme NigouCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse, France. Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
Paule OpolonInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France.
Alexander EggermontInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Paul-Louis WoertherService de microbiologie, GRCC, Villejuif, France.
Elisabeth ChachatyService de microbiologie, GRCC, Villejuif, France.
Nathalie ChaputInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, UMS 3655 CNRS/US 23 INSERM, GRCC, Villejuif, France.
Caroline RobertInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. INSERM U981, GRCC, Villejuif, France.
Christina MateusInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Guido KroemerUniversité Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. Metabolomics Platform, GRCC, Villejuif, France. INSERM U848, Villejuif, France. Equipe 11 Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France. Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Didier RaoultUnité des Rickettsies, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Ivo Gomperts BonecaInstitut Pasteur, Unit of Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, Paris, France. INSERM, Equipe Avenir, Paris, France.
Franck CarbonnelUniversity of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Mathias ChamaillardUniversity of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), F-59000 Lille, France.
Laurence ZitvogelInstitut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France. laurence.zitvogel@gustaveroussy.fr.
Inserm · FRDélégation Paris 5 · FRInstitut Pasteur · FRAgency for Science, Technology and Research · SGNew York University · USAlbert Einstein College of Medicine · USInstitut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée · FRInstitut Gustave Roussy · FRUniversité Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · FR
Funding
Microbial Metabolite Mimics, PXR and Colitis-Induced Colorectal CancerR01CA222469 · NCI · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI MANI, SRIDHAR · 2018 to 2022
$2.3MDevelopment of Novel Drugs to Alleviate CPT-11 ToxicityR01CA161879 · NCI · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI MANI, SRIDHAR, REDINBO, MATTHEW R · 2012 to 2016
$1.6MNCI NIH HHS R01 CA161879
Abstract
Antibodies targeting CTLA-4 have been successfully used as cancer immunotherapy. We find that the antitumor effects of CTLA-4 blockade depend on distinct Bacteroides species. In mice and patients, T cell responses specific for B. thetaiotaomicron or B. fragilis were associated with the efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade. Tumors in antibiotic-treated or germ-free mice did not respond to CTLA blockade. This defect was overcome by gavage with B. fragilis, by immunization with B. fragilis polysaccharides, or by adoptive transfer of B. fragilis-specific T cells. Fecal microbial transplantation from humans to mice confirmed that treatment of melanoma patients with antibodies against CTLA-4 favored the outgrowth of B. fragilis with anticancer properties. This study reveals a key role for Bacteroidales in the immunostimulatory effects of CTLA-4 blockade.
Indexed as
AdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntibodies, MonoclonalBacteroidesCTLA-4 AntigenDysbiosisFecal Microbiota TransplantationFemaleGastrointestinal MicrobiomeGerm-Free LifeHumansImmunologic MemoryImmunotherapyAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntibodies, MonoclonalCTLA-4 AntigenIpilimumab
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT02681302ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02846376ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02906332ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03130868ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03918252ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05000710ClinicalTrials.gov
and 2 more above
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.