ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2015
Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 8 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,365 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase Ib-IIA Study of Combined Check Point Inhibition After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients at High Risk for Post-transplant Recurrence
Phase I Study of Single-agent and Combined Checkpoint Inhibition After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients at High Risk for Post-transplant Recurrence
A Phase II Trial of the Anti -PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) + Lenalidomide + Dexamethasone as Post Autologous Transplant Consolidation in Patients With High-risk Multiple Myeloma
A Multicenter Phase 1b Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Blinded Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Microbiome Study Intervention Administration in Combination With Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Adult Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma
Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Resectable Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Exploring Mechanism of Action of Dietary Fibre on the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: Can we Identify Responders and Non-responders to Psyllium and Inulin Dietary Fibres?
A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Phase II Study of Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Immunotherapy Combined With Oral Probiotics Compound (Biolosion) in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma
An Exploratory Study of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) Combined With Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy in Microsatellite Stable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MSS mCRC)
Who cites it
2,365 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Gut microbiome impact on systemic therapy outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review.World journal of urology · 2026Pooled it
- Modulating the gut microbiome to enhance cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis of probiotics and FMT as adjuncts.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Bibliometric analysis of the trends in research on the link between gut microbiota and pancreatic cancer.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Global research trends and emerging frontiers of gut microbiota-drug interactions: a bibliometric and visualization analysis (2003-2025).Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Worldwide research trends on theFrontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Functional convergence amid taxonomic variability in gut microbiome-immune checkpoint inhibitor research: a bibliometric and mechanistic synthesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in solid cancers resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors: results of the MITRIC trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
- Fecal microbiota transplantation plus immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma: the phase 2 FMT-LUMINate trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Fecal microbiota transplantation for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with secondary PD-1 resistance efficacy prognostic factors and microbiome diversity analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Trial
- Microbiota as a modulator of drug response: targeting microbial-drug crosstalk in cancer therapy.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The impact of gut microbiota and metabolite-driven immune cell spatiotemporal dynamics on tumors.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Unlocking the therapeutic potential of immuno-radiotherapy: insights from preclinical and clinical research.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Gene-level gut microbiome signatures as predictive biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors across multiple cancer types.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Killing cancer takes guts: lessons learned from the manipulation of gut microbiome and immunotherapy for the future of urothelial carcinoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Modulation of the response to immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: the role of the microbiota and microbial metabolites in the tumor microenvironment.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbial markers of immunotherapy response in melanoma: a cross-cohort analysis including the first Russian dataset.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- The role of gut microbiome in aging-associated diseases: where do we stand now and how technology will transform the future.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Disentangling microbiota-dependent and -independent impacts of antibiotics on host physiology.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Beyond gastric acid: pharmacologic modulation of the tumor microenvironment by vonoprazan and its drug-interaction implications for chemotherapy and immunotherapy.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2026Review
2,305 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
T cell infiltration of solid tumors is associated with favorable patient outcomes, yet the mechanisms underlying variable immune responses between individuals are not well understood. One possible modulator could be the intestinal microbiota. We compared melanoma growth in mice harboring distinct commensal microbiota and observed differences in spontaneous antitumor immunity, which were eliminated upon cohousing or after fecal transfer. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA identified Bifidobacterium as associated with the antitumor effects. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium alone improved tumor control to the same degree as programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)-specific antibody therapy (checkpoint blockade), and combination treatment nearly abolished tumor outgrowth. Augmented dendritic cell function leading to enhanced CD8(+) T cell priming and accumulation in the tumor microenvironment mediated the effect. Our data suggest that manipulating the microbiota may modulate cancer immunotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.