ArticleOncotarget2016
SOX2 boosts major tumor progression genes in prostate cancer and is a functional biomarker of lymph node metastasis.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protein-Based Predictive Biomarkers to Personalize Neoadjuvant Therapy for Bladder Cancer-A Systematic Review of the Current Status.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Genomic landscape and precision therapy in prostate cancer: current status and future directions.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Review
- The role of SOX transcription factors in prostate cancer: Focusing on SOX2.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Blood and urine-based biomarkers in prostate cancer: Current advances, clinical applications, and future directions.The journal of liquid biopsy · 2025Review
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Enzalutamide Resistance in Advanced Prostate Cancer.Serican journal of medicine · 2025Article
- Nuclear receptor TLX functions to promote cancer stemness and EMT in prostate cancer via its direct transactivation of CD44 and stem cell-regulatory transcription factors.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Article
- Regulation of Molecular Biomarkers Associated with the Progression of Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- SOX2 control activation of dormant prostate cancer cells in bone metastases by promoting CCNE2 gene expression.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2024Article
- Targeting Key Players of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Immune Biomarkers in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.European urology oncology · 2022Article
- Cancer Stemness/Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Axis Influences Metastasis and Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Target.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Article
- Article
- TMPRSS4 promotes cancer stem-like properties in prostate cancer cells through upregulation of SOX2 by SLUG and TWIST1.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2021Article
- Molecular events in neuroendocrine prostate cancer development.Nature reviews. Urology · 2021Review
- Prognostic and predictive value of ALDH1, SOX2 and SSEA-4 in bladder cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Functional characterization of SOX2 as an anticancer target.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2020Review
- Cellular rewiring in lethal prostate cancer: the architect of drug resistance.Nature reviews. Urology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Critical issues in prostate cancer (PC) are a. identification of molecular drivers of the highly aggressive neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in adenocarcinoma, and b. early assessment of disease progression. The SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 gene, SOX2, is an essential embryonic stem cell gene involved in prostate tumorigenesis. Here we assessed its implications in NED and progression of PC and its diagnostic and prognostic value. Laser microdissection, qRT-PCR, quantitative Methylation-Specific PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze SOX2 gene expression and regulation in 206 PC samples. Results were examined according to the patient's clinical pathological profile and follow-ups. Functional studies were performed using PC cells transfected to overexpress or silence SOX2. SOX2 was consistently downregulated in PC, except in cell clusters lying within lymph node (LN)-positive PC. Multivariate analysis revealed that SOX2 mRNA expression in the primary tumor was significantly associated with LN metastasis. When SOX2 mRNA levels were ≥1.00, relative to (XpressRef) Universal Total RNA, adjusted Odds Ratio was 24.4 (95% CI: 7.54-79.0), sensitivity 0.81 (95% CI: 0.61-0.93) and specificity 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81-0.91). Patients experiencing biochemical recurrence had high median levels of SOX2 mRNA. In both PC and LN metastasis, SOX2 and NED marker, Chromogranin-A, were primarily co-expressed. In PC cells, NED genes were upregulated by SOX2 overexpression and downregulated by its silencing, which also abolished SNAI2/Slug dependent NED. Moreover, SOX2 upregulated neural CAMs, neurotrophins/neurotrophin receptors, pluripotency and epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factors, growth, angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors, and promoted PC cell invasiveness and motility. This study discloses novel SOX2 target genes driving NED and spread of PC and proposes SOX2 as a functional biomarker of LN metastasization for PC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.