ArticleOncotarget2015
Bone marrow stroma-induced resistance of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to arsenic trioxide involves Mcl-1 upregulation and is overcome by inhibiting the PI3Kδ or PKCβ signaling pathways.
Article in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- STAT3 as a Candidate Shared Regulator of the CXCR4/CXCL12 and CXCR5/CXCL13 Homing Axes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Notch2, a Key Player in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Mechanism, Microenvironment Interactions, and Therapeutic Implications.Cancers · 2026Review
- Non-Malignant T Cells as Determinants of Immunotherapeutic Response in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Towards Personalized Strategies.Oncology research · 2026Review
- The Role of Tumor Microenvironment and Targeted Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal stromal cells, metabolism, and mitochondrial transfer in bone marrow normal and malignant hematopoiesis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Protein Kinase C (PKC) Isozymes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
- Bone Marrow Aging and the Leukaemia-Induced Senescence of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Exploring Similarities.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Sensitization to Drug Treatment in Precursor B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Is Not Achieved by Stromal NF-κB Inhibition of Cell Adhesion but by Stromal PKC-Dependent Inhibition of ABC Transporters Activity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Effect of Estrogen on Heteronemin-Induced Anti-proliferative Effect in Breast Cancer Cells With Different Estrogen Receptor Status.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Reactivating latent HIV with PKC agonists induces resistance to apoptosis and is associated with phosphorylation and activation of BCL2.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Dual Targeting of Stromal Cell Support and Leukemic Cell Growth by a Peptidic PKC Inhibitor Shows Effectiveness against B-ALL.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Importance of Crosstalk Between Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells and the Stromal Microenvironment: Direct Contact, Soluble Factors, and Extracellular Vesicles.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Article
- Multifactorial Modes of Action of Arsenic Trioxide in Cancer Cells as Analyzed by Classical and Network Pharmacology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CLL remains an incurable disease in spite of the many new compounds being studied. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) induces apoptosis in all CLL cell types and could constitute an efficient therapy. To further explore this, we have studied the influence of stromal cells, key components of the CLL microenvironment, on the response of CLL cells to ATO. Bone marrow stromal cells induced CLL cell resistance to 2 μM ATO and led to activation of Lyn, ERK, PI3K and PKC, as well as NF-κB and STAT3. Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bfl-1 were also upregulated after the co-culture. Inhibition experiments indicated that PI3K and PKC were involved in the resistance to ATO induced by stroma. Moreover, idelalisib and sotrastaurin, specific inhibitors for PI3Kδ and PKCβ, respectively, inhibited Akt phosphorylation, NF-κB/STAT3 activation and Mcl-1 upregulation, and rendered cells sensitive to ATO. Mcl-1 was central to the mechanism of resistance to ATO, since: 1) Mcl-1 levels correlated with the CLL cell response to ATO, and 2) blocking Mcl-1 expression or function with specific siRNAs or inhibitors overcame the protecting effect of stroma. We have therefore identified the mechanism involved in the CLL cell resistance to ATO induced by bone marrow stroma and show that idelalisib or sotrastaurin block this mechanism and restore sensibility to ATO. Combination of ATO with these inhibitors may thus constitute an efficient treatment for CLL.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.