Trial reportJAMA oncology2016
Erlotinib and the Risk of Oral Cancer: The Erlotinib Prevention of Oral Cancer (EPOC) Randomized Clinical Trial.
Trial report in JAMA oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00402779 (Erlotinib Prevention of Oral Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 80 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Erlotinib Prevention of Oral Cancer (EPOC)
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhibition of mTOR signaling and clinical activity of metformin in oral premalignant lesions.JCI insight · 2021Trial
- Met Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Chemoprevention of Oral Cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Cetuximab activity in dysplastic lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract.Oral oncology · 2016Trial
- Blueberry Extract Has Anti-Proliferative Activity in Preclinical Models of Head and Neck Cancer.Head & neck · 2026Article
- From Chronic Inflammation to Malignancy: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights in Oral Carcinogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Prediction of loss of heterozygosity in oral cavity dysplasia through vascular pattern.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- A spatial-microbial-metabolic-immune framework for high-risk oral potentially malignant disorders: an evidence-ranked review for malignant transformation risk stratification.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Interferon Epsilon Loss Is Elusive 9p21 Link to Immune-Cold Tumors, Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Therapy, and Endogenous CXCL9/10 Induction.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Antiproliferative Potential of Linagliptin-Rivaroxaban Mixture in Cervical Cancer: Mechanistic Insights into Targeting Mutant MAPK, RAS kinase Signal Protein.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Clinical Management Update of Oral Leukoplakia: A Review From the American Head and Neck Society Cancer Prevention Service.Head & neck · 2025Review
- The Crucial Role of Smoking Cessation in Preventing Oral Cancer.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2024Review
- Artificial Intelligence Applications in Oral Cancer and Oral Dysplasia.Tissue engineering. Part A · 2024Review
- Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Cancer: A Review of Current Approaches and Future Perspectives.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Review
- Exploring the Therapeutic Implications of Co-Targeting the EGFR and Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Pathways in Oral Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Oral Pre-malignancy: An Update on Novel Therapeutic Approaches.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
- Phenformin activates ER stress to promote autophagic cell death via NIBAN1 and DDIT4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma independent of AMPK.International journal of oral science · 2024Article
- Article
- Chemopreventive and Biological Strategies in the Management of Oral Potentially Malignant and Malignant Disorders.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
24 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
importanceStandard molecularly based strategies to predict and/or prevent oral cancer development in patients with oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) are lacking.
objectiveTo test if the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib would reduce oral cancer development in patients with high-risk OPLs defined by specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiles. Secondary objectives included prospective determination of LOH as a prognostic marker in OPLs.
designThe Erlotinib Prevention of Oral Cancer (EPOC) study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-bind trial. Accrual occurred from November 2006 through July 2012, with a median follow-up time of 35 months in an ambulatory care setting in 5 US academic referral institutions. Patients with OPLs were enrolled in the protocol, and each underwent LOH profiling (N = 379); they were classified as high-risk (LOH-positive) or low-risk (LOH-negative) patients based on their LOH profiles and oral cancer history. The randomized sample consisted of 150 LOH-positive patients.
interventionsOral erlotinib treatment (150 mg/d) or placebo for 12 months. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Oral cancer-free survival (CFS).
resultsA total of 395 participants were classified with LOH profiles, and 254 were classified LOH positive. Of these, 150 (59%) were randomized, 75 each to the placebo and erlotinib groups. The 3-year CFS rates in placebo- and erlotinib-treated patients were 74% and 70%, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% CI, 0.68-2.38; P = .45). The 3-year CFS was significantly lower for LOH-positive compared with LOH-negative groups (74% vs 87%, HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.25-3.83; P = .01). Increased EGFR gene copy number correlated with LOH-positive status (P < .001) and lower CFS (P = .01). The EGFR gene copy number was not predictive of erlotinib efficacy. Erlotinib-induced skin rash was associated with improved CFS (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this trial, LOH was validated as a marker of oral cancer risk and found to be associated with increased EGFR copy number (the target of the intervention). Erlotinib did not, however, improve CFS in high-risk patients with LOH-positive or high-EGFR-gene-copy-number OPLs. These results support incorporation of LOH testing as a prognostic tool in routine clinical practice but do not support erlotinib use in this setting.
trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00402779.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.