ReviewJournal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences2015
Halitosis - An overview: Part-I - Classification, etiology, and pathophysiology of halitosis.
Review in Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Oxidative Stress and Natural Products in Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Drug-related Halitosis: A Systematic Review.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2020Pooled it
- The Effect of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on Halitosis: a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2020Trial
- Dietary Sulfur Compounds and Halitosis: Bridging Food Science, Microbial Metabolism, and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- The effects of probiotics intervention on oral health outcomes: a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Review
- Relationship Between Halitosis and Mouth Breathing Among Pediatric Population: Exploring the Contributing Factors.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Awareness and knowledge of halitosis among students at two different dental universities in Turkey: a cross-sectional survey.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Clinical parameters in patients with halitosis: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2024Article
- Clinical and oral microbiome pattern of halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis.Narra J · 2023Article
- Oral microbiome as a co-mediator of halitosis and periodontitis: a narrative review.Frontiers in oral health · 2023Review
- Relationship between Hormonal Changes and Self-Perceived Halitosis in Females: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Alleviation of halitosis by use of probiotics and their protective mechanisms in the oral cavity.New microbes and new infections · 2021Review
- Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Review
- Diversity of Oral Microbiome of Women From Urban and Rural Areas of Indonesia: A Pilot Study.Frontiers in oral health · 2021Article
- Small, but smelly: the importance ofHeliyon · 2020Review
- The Role of Oral Microbiota in Intra-Oral Halitosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Combining culture and culture-independent methods reveals new microbial composition of halitosis patients' tongue biofilm.MicrobiologyOpen · 2020Article
- The Underestimated Problem of Intra-Oral Halitosis in Dental Practice: An Expert Consensus Review.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2020Review
- Otorhinolaryngological symptoms among smokeless tobacco (Maras powder) users.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Halitosis is a condition where the breath is altered in an unpleasant manner for the affected individuals and impairs them socially as well as psychologically. Halitosis can be clinically classified as real halitosis, pseudohalitosis, and halitophobia. Real halitosis has oral and extra-oral etiologies and the pathophysiology involves interaction of anaerobic microbes (mainly) with the proteins present in the oral cavity fluids and contents, resulting in production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). These VSCs, beyond responsible for halitosis, can also initiate and accelerate periodontal disease progression. Thus, this review is about the pathophysiology and various etiologies of halitosis, the knowledge of which can help in the betterment of treatment options.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.