SynthesisJournal of neurotrauma2021
Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Europe: A Living Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of neurotrauma, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 265 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Feasibility of a Motor-cognitive Training Program in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury During Acute Hospitalization
Long-term Recovery and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Disruption After Traumatic Brain Injury
TES HT100 Clinical Outcomes - Clinical Validation of the TES HT100 Temnograph for Brain Injury Screening in Patients With Mild Head Trauma or Suspected Neurological Symptoms (TESCO)
Effectiveness of Home-Based Exergame Motor-Cognitive Rehabilitation Versus Outpatient Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation in Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Controlled Trial
Who cites it
265 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk of stroke after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term life expectancy in severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Traumatic optic neuropathy management: a systematic review.Eye (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of optical coherence tomography findings in adults with mild traumatic brain injury.Eye (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Is dementia more likely following traumatic brain injury? A systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of Antioxidant Capacity and Network Pharmacology of Phloretin and Phlorizin against Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- Old and Promising Markers Related to Autophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Past, present and future of living systematic review: a bibliometrics analysis.BMJ global health · 2022Pooled it
- Methodological considerations in injury burden of disease studies across Europe: a systematic literature review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of drug therapy on nerve repair of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: A network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Prospective blinded interim evaluation of a portable radiofrequency device TES HT to support triage in emergency department patients with mild head trauma or acute neurological symptoms.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Trial
- Effects of sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise on persistent postconcussion symptom burden and exercise intolerance: a randomized controlled trial.Physical therapy · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of a digital game based study guide on head trauma assessment on knowledge and practical skills of nursing students: a quasi-experimental study.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- Serum calcitonin gene-related peptide in patients with persistent post-concussion symptoms, including headache: a cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2024Trial
- Effects of animal-assisted psychotherapy incorporating mindfulness and self-compassion in neurorehabilitation: a randomized controlled feasibility trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- [Diagnostic algorithm for the management of patients ≥ 65 years with a mild traumatic brain injury in the emergency department].Unfallchirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Risk factors associated with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury mortality in admitted older adults: a retrospective, single-center study at a level II trauma center.Journal of trauma and injury · 2026Article
- Retrospective Review of Head Injury: Are Pre-Injury Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy Associated with Acute Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Translation and comprehensive validation of the Neurological Outcome Scale for Traumatic Brain Injury (NOS-TBI) into Brazilian Portuguese.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- PDCD1 Signaling in Microglia Can Reduce Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury by Regulating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway, Thereby Alleviating Neurological Dysfunction.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
205 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This systematic review provides a comprehensive, up-to-date summary of traumatic brain injury (TBI) epidemiology in Europe, describing incidence, mortality, age, and sex distribution, plus severity, mechanism of injury, and time trends. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched in January 2015 for observational, descriptive, English language studies reporting incidence, mortality, or case fatality of TBI in Europe. There were no limitations according to date, age, or TBI severity. Methodological quality was assessed using the Methodological Evaluation of Observational Research checklist. Data were presented narratively. Sixty-six studies were included in the review. Country-level data were provided in 22 studies, regional population or treatment center catchment area data were reported by 44 studies. Crude incidence rates varied widely. For all ages and TBI severities, crude incidence rates ranged from 47.3 per 100,000, to 694 per 100,000 population per year (country-level studies) and 83.3 per 100,000, to 849 per 100,000 population per year (regional-level studies). Crude mortality rates ranged from 9 to 28.10 per 100,000 population per year (country-level studies), and 3.3 to 24.4 per 100,000 population per year (regional-level studies.) The most common mechanisms of injury were traffic accidents and falls. Over time, the contribution of traffic accidents to total TBI events may be reducing. Case ascertainment and definitions of TBI are variable. Improved standardization would enable more accurate comparisons.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.