ArticleBMC genetics2015
Spatially differentiated expression of quadruplicated green-sensitive RH2 opsin genes in zebrafish is determined by proximal regulatory regions and gene order to the locus control region.
Article in BMC genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ordered Chaos: Photoreceptor Mosaics in the Larval and Adult Turquoise Killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri).The Journal of comparative neurology · 2026Article
- Genomic and regulatory basis of visual opsin genes in the cleaner wrasse behavior: features, expression, and enhancer mechanisms.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
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- Expansion and Functional Diversification of Long-Wavelength-Sensitive Opsin in Anabantoid Fishes.Journal of molecular evolution · 2024Article
- Plasticity of cone photoreceptors in adult zebrafish revealed by thyroid hormone exposure.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Genetic and Neurological Deficiencies in the Visual System ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Ganglion cells in larval zebrafish retina integrate inputs from multiple cone types.Journal of neurophysiology · 2021Article
- Axes of visual adaptation in the ecologically diverse family Cichlidae.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2020Review
- Tbx2a Modulates Switching of RH2 and LWS Opsin Gene Expression.Molecular biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Thyroid hormone receptors mediate two distinct mechanisms of long-wavelength vision.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Endocrine regulation of multichromatic color vision.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Isolation of photoreceptors from mature, developing, and regenerated zebrafish retinas, and of microglia/macrophages from regenerating zebrafish retinas.Experimental eye research · 2018Article
- Article
- Mechanisms of Photoreceptor Patterning in Vertebrates and Invertebrates.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2016Review
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4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFish are remarkably diverse in repertoires of visual opsins by gene duplications. Differentiation of their spatiotemporal expression patterns and absorption spectra enables fine-tuning of feature detection in spectrally distinct regions of the visual field during ontogeny. Zebrafish have quadruplicated green-sensitive (RH2) opsin genes in tandem (RH2-1, -2, -3, -4), which are expressed in the short member of the double cones (SDC). The shortest wavelength RH2 subtype (RH2-1) is expressed in the central to dorsal area of the adult retina. The second shortest wave subtype (RH2-2) is expressed overlapping with RH2-1 but extending outside of it. The second longest wave subtype (RH2-3) is expressed surrounding the RH2-2 area, and the longest wave subtype (RH2-4) is expressed outside of the RH2-3 area broadly occupying the ventral area. Expression of the four RH2 genes in SDC requires a single enhancer (RH2-LCR), but the mechanism of their spatial differentiation remains elusive.
resultsFunctional comparison of the RH2-LCR with its counterpart in medaka revealed that the regulatory role of the RH2-LCR in SDC-specific expression is evolutionarily conserved. By combining the RH2-LCR and the proximal upstream region of each RH2 gene with fluorescent protein reporters, we show that the RH2-LCR and the RH2-3 proximal regulatory region confer no spatial selectivity of expression in the retina. But those of RH2-1, -2 and -4 are capable of inducing spatial differentiation of expression. Furthermore, by analyzing transgenic fish with a series of arrays consisting of the RH2-LCR and multiple upstream regions of the RH2 genes in different orders, we show that a gene expression pattern related to an upstream region is greatly influenced by another flanking upstream region in a relative position-dependent manner.
conclusionsThe zebrafish RH2 genes except RH2-3 acquired differential cis-elements in the proximal upstream regions to specify the differential expression patterns. The input from these proximal elements collectively dictates the actual gene expression pattern of the locus, context-dependently. Importantly, competition for the RH2-LCR activity among the replicates is critical in this collective regulation, facilitating differentiation of expression among them. This combination of specificity and generality enables seemingly complicated spatial differentiation of duplicated opsin genes characteristic in fish.
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