Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26537403›Full record

ReviewQuarterly reviews of biophysics2015

Acceleration of reaction in charged microdroplets.

Jae Kyoo Lee, Shibdas Banerjee, Hong Gil Nam, Richard N Zare

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Quarterly reviews of biophysics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Accelerated Chemistry in Microdroplets.Accounts of chemical research · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Photodissociation Dynamics in (NThe journal of physical chemistry. A · 2025
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Accelerated Synthesis of Pyrazoles Mediated by Water Microdroplets.ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. A Source of the MysteriousACS central science · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jae Kyoo LeeDepartment of Chemistry,Stanford University,Stanford,CA 94305,USA.
Shibdas BanerjeeDepartment of Chemistry,Stanford University,Stanford,CA 94305,USA.
Hong Gil NamCenter for Plant Aging Research,Institute for Basic Science,Daegu 711-873,Republic of Korea.
Richard N ZareDepartment of Chemistry,Stanford University,Stanford,CA 94305,USA.

Funding

High Spatiotemporal Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Single Cell AnalysisR21DA039578 · NIDA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ZARE, RICHARD N · 2014 to 2015
$427k
NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA039578
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we have studied the synthesis of isoquinoline in a charged electrospray droplet and the complexation between cytochrome c and maltose in a fused droplet to investigate the feasibility of droplets to drive reactions (both covalent and noncovalent interactions) at a faster rate than that observed in conventional bulk solution. In both the cases we found marked acceleration of reaction, by a factor of a million or more in the former and a factor of a thousand or more in the latter. We believe that carrying out reactions in microdroplets (about 1-15 μm in diameter corresponding to 0·5 pl - 2 nl) is a general method for increasing reaction rates. The mechanism is not presently established but droplet evaporation and droplet confinement of reagents appear to be two important factors among others. In the case of fused water droplets, evaporation has been shown to be almost negligible during the flight time from where droplet fusion occurs and the droplets enter the heated capillary inlet of the mass spectrometer. This suggests that (1) evaporation is not responsible for the acceleration process in aqueous droplet fusion and (2) the droplet-air interface may play a significant role in accelerating the reaction. We argue that this 'microdroplet chemistry' could be a remarkable alternative to accelerate slow and difficult reactions, and in conjunction with mass spectrometry, it may provide a new arena to study chemical and biochemical reactions in a confined environment.

Indexed as

2,6-DichloroindophenolAccelerationAerosolsAnimalsAscorbic AcidBiophysical PhenomenaCytochromes cHorsesMacromolecular SubstancesMaltoseMass SpectrometryMyocardiumSolutionsSolventsSpectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationWater2,6-DichloroindophenolAerosolsAscorbic AcidCytochromes cMacromolecular SubstancesMaltoseSolutionsSolventsWatercytochrome cdroplet fusionElectospray ionizationisoquinolinekineticsmaltose

Identifiers

PMID26537403
PMCPMC5446060

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.