ArticleBMC cancer2015
Prolonged use of human insulin increases breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women with type 2 diabetes.
Article in BMC cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between acute myocardial infarction and subsequent diagnosis of breast cancer: a nationwide, population-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Potential Therapies Targeting the Metabolic Reprogramming of Diabetes-Associated Breast Cancer.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- The role of insulin and incretin-based drugs in biliary tract cancer: epidemiological and experimental evidence.Discover oncology · 2022Review
- Metformin's effects on varicocele, erectile dysfunction, infertility and prostate-related diseases: A retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Insulin Resistance and Cancer: In Search for a Causal Link.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Metformin as an adjuvant in breast cancer treatment.SAGE open medicine · 2019Review
- SGLT2 inhibition slows tumor growth in mice by reversing hyperinsulinemia.Cancer & metabolism · 2019Article
- Anti-Diabetic Drugs: Cure or Risk Factors for Cancer?Pathology oncology research : POR · 2018Review
- Association of Metformin Use and Survival Outcome in Women With Cervical Cancer.International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society · 2017Article
- Patients with uterine leiomyoma exhibit a high incidence but low mortality rate for breast cancer.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Rosiglitazone reduces breast cancer risk in Taiwanese female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Article
- Article
- Factors Associated with Cancer- and Non-Cancer-Related Deaths among Taiwanese Patients with Diabetes after 17 Years of Follow-Up.PloS one · 2016Article
- The Association between Treatment for Metabolic Disorders and Breast Cancer Characteristics.International journal of endocrinology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman insulin is commonly used to treat hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes, but its potential link with female breast cancer is under debate. This study investigated whether human insulin use might be associated with breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women with type 2 diabetes.
methodsThe reimbursement databases of all Taiwanese diabetic patients from 1996 to 2009 were retrieved from the National Health Insurance. An entry date was set at 1 January 2004 and a total of 482,033 women with type 2 diabetes were followed up for breast cancer incidence until the end of 2009. Incidences for ever-users, never-users and subgroups of human insulin exposure (using tertile cutoffs of time since starting insulin, cumulative dose and cumulative duration of insulin) were calculated and the adjusted hazard ratios were estimated by Cox regression. The potential risk modification by concomitant treatment with metformin, statin and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB) was also evaluated.
resultsThere were 59,798 ever-users and 422,235 never-users of human insulin, with respective numbers of incident breast cancer of 559 (0.93 %) and 4,711 (1.12 %), and respective incidence of 207.9 and 215.1 per 100,000 person-years. The overall adjusted hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) did not show a significant association with insulin [1.033 (0.936-1.139)]. However, patients in the third tertiles of dose-response parameters might show a significantly higher risk of breast cancer while compared to never-users: 1.185 (1.026-1.368), 1.260 (1.096-1.450) and 1.257 (1.094-1.446) for ≥67 months for time since starting insulin, ≥39,000 units for cumulative dose of insulin, and ≥21.8 months for cumulative duration of insulin, respectively. Additional analyses suggested that the breast cancer risk associated with human insulin use might be beneficially modified by concomitant use of metformin, statin and ACEI/ARB.
conclusionsThis study discloses a significantly higher risk of breast cancer associated with prolonged use of human insulin. The increased risk of breast cancer associated with human insulin use may be modified by medications such as metformin, statin and ACEI/ARB.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.