ArticleMolecules and cells2015
TM-25659-Induced Activation of FGF21 Level Decreases Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle via GCN2 Pathways.
Article in Molecules and cells, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- MOB1 deletion in murine mature adipocytes ameliorates obesity and diabetes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- FGF21 upregulation by hepatitis C virus via the eIF2α-ATF4 pathway: implications for interferon signaling suppression and TRIM31-mediated TSC degradation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Fascinating Perspective on the Regulation of Muscle Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Fibroblast growth factor 21 in metabolic syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Targeting FGF21 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: from mechanism to medicine.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Review
- Genetic and Pharmacological Inhibition of GCN2 Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- TAZ promotes PDX1-mediated insulinogenesis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- The essential role of TAZ in normal tissue homeostasis.Archives of pharmacal research · 2021Review
- Skeletal Muscle and Bone - Emerging Targets of Fibroblast Growth Factor-21.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Adipokines and Inflammation: Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Decreased Mitochondrial Dynamics Is Associated with Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Rate, and Fitness in African Americans.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
- Intrafollicular fibroblast growth factor 13 in polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship with androgen levels and oocyte developmental competence.Journal of ovarian research · 2018Article
- Pharmacological activation of TAZ enhances osteogenic differentiation and bone formation of adipose-derived stem cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2018Article
- Lack of fibroblast growth factor 21 accelerates metabolic liver injury characterized by steatohepatities in mice.American journal of cancer research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The TAZ activator 2-butyl-5-methyl-6-(pyridine-3-yl)-3-[2'-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine] (TM-25659) inhibits adipocyte differentiation by interacting with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. TM-25659 was previously shown to decrease weight gain in a high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the effects of TM-25659 remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of TM-25659 on skeletal muscle functions in C2 myotubes and C57BL/6J mice. We studied the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of TM-25659 to palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance in C2 myotubes. TM-25659 improved PA-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in C2 myotubes. In addition, TM-25659 increased FGF21 mRNA expression, protein levels, and FGF21 secretion in C2 myotubes via activation of GCN2 pathways (GCN2-phosphoeIF2α-ATF4 and FGF21). This beneficial effect of TM-25659 was diminished by FGF21 siRNA. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HF diet for 30 weeks. The HF-diet group was randomly divided into two groups for the next 14 days: the HF-diet and HF-diet + TM-25659 groups. The HF diet + TM-25659-treated mice showed improvements in their fasting blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, and inflammation, but neither body weight nor food intake was affected. The HF diet + TM-25659-treated mice also exhibited increased expression of both FGF21 mRNA and protein. These data indicate that TM-25659 may be beneficial for treating insulin resistance by inducing FGF21 in models of PA-induced insulin resistance and HF diet-induced insulin resistance.
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